S-3ASR
Table of Contents

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 18, 2019.

Registration No. 333-             

 

 

 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM S-3

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

Under

The Securities Act of 1933

 

 

8x8, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   77-0142404

(State or Other Jurisdiction of

Incorporation or Organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

2125 O’Nel Drive

San Jose, California 95131

(408) 727-1885

(Address, Including Zip Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)

 

 

Steven Gatoff

Chief Financial Officer

8x8, Inc.

2125 O’Nel Drive

San Jose, California 95131

(408) 727-1885

(Name, Address and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Agent For Service)

 

 

Copies of all communications to:

 

Thomas J. Ivey

Yossi Vebman

Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP

525 University Avenue, Suite 1200

Palo Alto, California 94301

(650) 470-4500

 

Michael Benjamin

Reza Mojtabaee-Zamani

Latham & Watkins LLP

885 Third Avenue

New York, New York 10022

(212) 906-1200

From time to time after this registration statement becomes effective.

(Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public)

 

 

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box.  ☐

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box.  ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box.  ☒

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer      Accelerated filer  
Non-accelerated filer      Smaller reporting company  
     Emerging growth company  

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act.  ☐

 

 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 

 

Title of each class of
securities to be registered
  Amount
to be
registered(1)(2)
 

Proposed

maximum
offering price
per note(1)(2)

 

Proposed

maximum
aggregate
offering price(1)

  Amount of
registration fee(3)

0.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024

  $75,000,000   100%   $75,000,000   $9,375

Common Stock, par value $0.001

  3,797,468 (2)       — (3)

Total

              $9,375

 

 

(1)

Equals the aggregate principal amount of notes being registered. Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).

(2)

Pursuant to the indenture governing the notes, this value represents the maximum aggregate number of shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share (“common stock”), issuable upon conversion of the notes registered hereby at a conversion rate corresponding to the maximum initial conversion rate of 50.6329 shares of our common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes. This aggregate value includes shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the notes, including the maximum number of shares by which the conversion rate may be increased for conversions in connection with a “make-whole fundamental change.” Pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act, the number of shares of common stock registered hereby includes an indeterminate number of shares of common stock as may be issued from time to time upon conversion of the notes as a result of the anti-dilution provisions thereof.

(3)

No additional consideration will be received upon conversion of such notes, and therefore no registration fee is required pursuant to Rule 457(i) under the Securities Act.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

This preliminary prospectus relates to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, but is not complete and may be changed. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

Subject to Completion dated November 18, 2019

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

$75,000,000

 

 

LOGO

8x8, Inc.

0.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024

 

 

We are offering an additional $75,000,000 aggregate principal amount of our 0.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (the “new notes”). The new notes will constitute a further issuance of, and form a single series with, our outstanding 0.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 issued on February 19, 2019 in the aggregate principal amount of $287,500,000 (the “existing notes” and, together with the new notes, the “notes”). The new notes will have identical terms as the existing notes, other than differences in the issue date, the issue price, interest accrued prior to the issue date of such additional notes and, if applicable, restrictions on transfer in respect of such additional notes. The notes offered hereby will be treated as a single class with the existing notes and holders of the new notes and the existing notes will vote as one class under the indenture. Unless purchasers of the notes offered hereby elect otherwise in accordance with the procedures set forth in “Unrestricted Election,” the new notes will be issued with the same restricted CUSIP number, bear the same restricted legends and be subject to the same transfer restrictions as the existing notes (such restricted new notes, together with the existing notes, the “restricted notes”). For purchasers of the notes offered hereby who do not make an Unrestricted Election (as defined herein), such restricted new notes will be fungible with the existing notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes. For purchasers of the notes offered hereby who make an Unrestricted Election (such notes, the “unrestricted notes”), such unrestricted notes are anticipated to become fungible with the restricted notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes once the restricted notes are not subject to transfer restrictions and are assigned an unrestricted CUSIP number, as described under “Description of Notes—Contractual Transfer Restrictions; Additional Interest” and “Notice to Investors.” Immediately after giving effect to the issuance of the notes offered hereby, we will have $362,500,000 aggregate principal amount of 0.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 outstanding.

The new notes will bear interest at a rate of 0.50% per year, accruing from the August 1, 2019 interest payment date of the existing notes, payable semiannually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year, beginning on February 1, 2020. The new notes will mature on February 1, 2024, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased in accordance with their terms.

Holders may convert their notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding October 1, 2023, only under the following circumstances: (1) during any fiscal quarter (and only during such fiscal quarter), if the last reported sale price of the common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price (as defined below) per $1,000 principal amount of notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of our common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; (3) if we call any or all of the notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or (4) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. On or after October 1, 2023 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert their notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon conversion, we will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election, as described in this prospectus.

The conversion rate will initially be 38.9484 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $25.68 per share of common stock). The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date or following our issuance of a notice of redemption, in each case as described in this prospectus, we will increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its notes in connection with such a corporate event or during the related redemption period in certain circumstances.

We may not redeem the notes prior to February 4, 2022. We may redeem for cash all or any portion of the notes, at our option, on or after February 4, 2022 if the last reported sale price of our common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which we provide notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the notes.

If we undergo a fundamental change, holders may require us to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.

The notes are our senior unsecured obligations and rank senior in right of payment to any of our indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the notes; equal in right of payment to any of our unsecured indebtedness that is not so subordinated; effectively junior in right of payment to any of our secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) of our subsidiaries.

Although the new notes are being offered hereby in a registered offering, unless you elect otherwise in accordance with the procedures set forth in “Unrestricted Election,” by purchasing the new notes you are agreeing that the new notes will be restricted notes that are subject to the same transfer restrictions as the existing notes, issued with the same restricted CUSIP and restrictive legends as the existing notes and trade interchangeably with the existing notes. The shares of common stock issued upon conversion of any restricted note, if any, will be subject to the same transfer restrictions as the shares of common stock issued upon conversion of the existing notes, if any. The existing notes were not issued in a registered offering and, as a result, constitute “restricted securities” under Rule 144 under the Securities Act. We will, however, be required to pay additional interest in respect of the notes under specified circumstances. See “Description of Notes—Contractual Transfer Restrictions; Additional Interest” for further information. We have been advised that the underwriter proposes to resell the new notes to persons that they reasonably believe are qualified institutional buyers (as defined in Rule 144A under the Securities Act).

We do not intend to apply to list the notes on any securities exchange or any automated dealer quotation system. Our common stock is listed on The New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “EGHT.” The closing price of our common stock on The New York Stock Exchange on November 15, 2019 was $20.69 per share.

 

 

Investing in these notes involves certain risks. You should carefully consider the information referred to under the heading “Risk Factors” on page 9 of this prospectus and the risk factors set forth in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2019, which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state or other securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

     Per New Note   Total  

Public offering price(1)

       %   $                

Underwriting discount

       %   $    

Proceeds, before expenses, to the Company

       %   $    

 

(1)

Plus interest deemed to have accrued from August 1, 2019 to, but excluding, the settlement date for the new notes offered hereby, totaling $439,236.11 or approximately $1.53 per $1,000 principal amount of new notes being purchased. Such accrued interest must be paid by the purchasers of the new notes. On February 1, 2020, we will pay such accrued interest to the holders of the new notes as of the close of business on January 15, 2020 (the applicable record date), together with interest accrued on the new notes offered hereby from the settlement date to February 1, 2020.

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC expects to deliver the new notes to purchasers on or about November                , 2019 through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company for the accounts of its participants, including Euroclear Bank S.A/N.V., as operator of the Euroclear System, and Clearstream Banking S.A.

 

 

Sole Book-Running Manager

Morgan Stanley

 

 

Financial Advisor to 8x8, Inc.

J. Wood Capital Advisors

The date of this prospectus is November                    , 2019.


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Page  

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

     ii  

CAUTIONARY INFORMATION REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

     iii  

SUMMARY

     1  

RISK FACTORS

     9  

USE OF PROCEEDS

     20  

CAPITALIZATION

     21  

DESCRIPTION OF NOTES

     23  

DESCRIPTION OF CAPPED CALL TRANSACTION

     57  

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

     58  

U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

     61  

NOTICE TO INVESTORS

     68  

CONTRACTUAL TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS

     69  

UNRESTRICTED ELECTION

     71  

UNDERWRITING

     72  

LEGAL MATTERS

     78  

EXPERTS

     78  

You should rely only on the information contained in or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any related free writing prospectus. We and the underwriter have not authorized anyone to provide you with different or additional information. If anyone provides you with different or additional information, you should not rely on it. The information in this prospectus, any free writing prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein is accurate only as of their respective dates.

The distribution of this prospectus and the offering of the notes in certain jurisdictions may be restricted by law. Persons into whose possession this prospectus comes should inform themselves about and observe any such restrictions. This prospectus does not constitute, and may not be used in connection with, an offer or solicitation by anyone in any jurisdiction in which such offer or solicitation is not authorized or in which the person making such offer or solicitation is not qualified to do so or to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation.

 

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Table of Contents

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy statements and other information that issuers file electronically with the SEC at https://www.sec.gov. Information about us, including certain SEC filings, is available at our website at https://www.8x8.com. Except as set forth below, the information on, or accessible through, the SEC’s website and our website is not part of this prospectus and any references to these websites or any other website are inactive textual references only.

We incorporate by reference into this prospectus the documents listed below that we have filed with the SEC, and any future filings we make with the SEC under Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which we refer to as the Exchange Act, until the offering is completed. We are not, however, incorporating, in each case, any documents or information that we are deemed to furnish and not file in accordance with SEC rules. This means that we can disclose important information to you by referring to other documents that contain that information rather than by including that information in this prospectus. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be a part of this prospectus, and you should read it with the same care that you read this prospectus. Later information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. Any statement in a document incorporated by reference in this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus or any other document that we subsequently file with the SEC and that is deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus modifies or supersedes that previous statement. The documents incorporated by reference are:

 

   

our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019;

 

   

our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly periods ended June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2019;

 

   

the information contained in our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed on June 27, 2019 and incorporated into Part III of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019; and

 

   

our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed on May 2, 2019, May 8, 2019, June 19, 2019, July  8, 2019, July  17, 2019 and August 5, 2019.

You may request a copy of these filings or other documents referred to in this prospectus, at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at the following address and telephone number: 8x8, Inc., Investor Relations, 2125 O’Nel Drive, San Jose, California 95131, (408) 727-1885.

 

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CAUTIONARY INFORMATION REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus and the documents we have filed with the SEC that are incorporated herein by reference contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements relate to future periods, future events or our future operating or financial plans or performance. The terms “may,” “will,” “should,” “estimate” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” “strategy,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “expect,” “intend,” “would,” or the negative of these terms, and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include statements as to:

 

   

our expectations with respect to the use of the net proceeds from this offering and the potential risks and benefits of the notes and the capped call transaction described herein;

 

   

market acceptance of new or existing services and features;

 

   

customer acceptance and demand for our cloud communication and collaboration services;

 

   

changes in the competitive dynamics of the markets in which we compete;

 

   

our history of losses and uncertain future profitability;

 

   

the quality and reliability of our services;

 

   

customer cancellations and rate of churn;

 

   

our ability to scale our business;

 

   

our ability to keep up with technological change;

 

   

customer acquisition costs;

 

   

our reliance on infrastructure of third-party network services providers;

 

   

risk of failure in our physical infrastructure;

 

   

risk of failure of our software;

 

   

our ability to maintain the compatibility of our software with third-party applications and mobile platforms;

 

   

continued compliance with industry standards and regulatory requirements in the United States and foreign countries in which we make our software solutions available, and the costs of such compliance;

 

   

risks relating to our strategies and objectives for future operations, including the execution of integration plans and realization of the expected benefits of our acquisitions;

 

   

the amount and timing of costs associated with recruiting, training and integrating new employees;

 

   

timing and extent of improvements in operating results from increased spending in marketing, sales, and research and development;

 

   

timing, extent and results of sales and use tax audits;

 

   

introduction and adoption of our cloud software solutions in markets outside of the United States;

 

   

risk of cybersecurity breaches and other unauthorized disclosures of customer data;

 

   

general economic conditions that could adversely affect our business and operating results;

 

   

implementation and effects of new accounting standards and policies in our reported financial results and the effect of current accounting standards with respect to the effect of the notes on our future financial results; and

 

   

potential future intellectual property infringement claims and other litigation that could adversely affect our business and operating results.

 

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You should also consider carefully the statements set forth in the section entitled “Risk Factors” and other sections of this prospectus and in the documents we have filed with the SEC and that are incorporated by reference in this prospectus, which address additional factors that could cause results or events to differ from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which are based on current expectations and reflect management’s opinions only as of the date hereof. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this prospectus. We claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) for any forward-looking statements. We expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto or any changes in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based except as required by law.

 

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SUMMARY

This summary highlights material information contained elsewhere in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus but does not contain all of the information you need to consider in making your decision to invest in the notes. This summary is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information included in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein, including the financial data and related notes. You should read carefully this entire prospectus and should consider, among other things, the matters set forth in the section entitled “Risk Factors” before deciding to invest in the notes. Except where otherwise noted, the words “company,” “the Company,” “we,” “our,” “ours” and “us” refer to 8x8, Inc. and all of its subsidiaries. With respect to the discussion of the terms of the notes on the cover page, in the section entitled “Summary—The Offering” and in the section entitled “Description of Notes,” “we,” “our,” “us” and “8x8” refer only to 8x8, Inc.

The Company

We are a leading Software-as-a-Service provider of voice, video, chat, contact center, and enterprise-class API solutions powered by one global cloud communications platform. From our proprietary cloud technology platform, customers have access to unified communications, team collaboration, video conferencing, contact center, data and analytics, communication APIs, and other services.

As of September 30, 2019, our customers range from small businesses to large enterprises and their users are spread across more than 150 countries. In recent years, we have increased our focus on the mid-market and enterprise customer sectors.

Corporate Information

We were incorporated in California in February 1987 and reincorporated in Delaware in December 1996. Our principal executive offices are located at 2125 O’Nel Drive, San Jose, California 95131 and our telephone number at that location is: (408) 727-1885. Our website is www.8x8.com. Information on, or accessible through, our website is not a part of this prospectus.



 

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The Offering

The summary below describes the principal terms of the notes. Certain of the terms and conditions described below are subject to important limitations and exceptions. Please see the “Description of Notes” section of this prospectus for a more detailed description of the terms and conditions of the notes and the subsections mentioned specifically in this summary for a more complete understanding of the notes.

 

Issuer

8x8, Inc.

 

Securities Offered

$75,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 0.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024.

 

  The notes we are offering, which we refer to as new notes, will be issued as additional notes under the indenture pursuant to which we previously issued $287,500,000 aggregate principal amount of our 0.50% convertible senior notes due 2024 on February 19, 2019, which we refer to as the existing notes. Unless context requires otherwise, we refer to the new notes and the existing notes collectively as the notes. The new notes will have identical terms as the existing notes, other than differences in the issue date, the issue price, interest accrued prior to the issue date of such additional notes and, if applicable, restrictions on transfer in respect of such additional notes. Unless you elect otherwise in accordance with the procedures set forth in “Unrestricted Election,” the new notes will have the same restricted CUSIP number and restricted legends and will be subject to the same transfer restrictions, as the existing notes and trade interchangeably with the existing notes (such restricted new notes, together with the existing notes, the “restricted notes”). Holders of the new notes and the existing notes will vote as one class under the indenture.

 

Maturity

February 1, 2024, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased.

 

Interest

0.50% per year. Interest on the new notes accrues from the August 1, 2019 interest payment date of the existing notes and will be payable semiannually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year, beginning, on February 1, 2020 for the new notes. We will pay additional interest, if any, at our election as the sole remedy relating to the failure to comply with our reporting obligations as described under “Description of Notes—Events of Default” and under the circumstances described under “Description of Notes—Contractual Transfer Restrictions; Additional Interest.”

 

  Pre-issuance accrued interest from August 1, 2019 to the issue date of the new notes must be paid by the purchasers of new notes.

 

Conversion Rights

Holders may convert all or any portion of their notes, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at their option at any time prior to the close



 

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of business on the business day immediately preceding October 1, 2023 only under the following circumstances:

 

   

during any fiscal quarter (and only during such fiscal quarter), if the last reported sale price of the common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day;

 

   

during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the “trading price” (as defined under “Description of Notes—Conversion Rights—Conversion upon Satisfaction of Trading Price Condition”) per $1,000 principal amount of notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of our common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day;

 

   

if we call any or all of the notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or

 

   

upon the occurrence of specified corporate events described under “Description of Notes—Conversion Rights—Conversion upon Specified Corporate Events.”

 

  On or after October 1, 2023 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert all or any portion of their notes, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at the option of the holder regardless of the foregoing circumstances.

 

  The conversion rate for the notes will initially be 38.9484 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $25.68 per share of common stock), subject to adjustment as described in this prospectus.

 

  Upon conversion, we will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election. If we satisfy our conversion obligation solely in cash or through payment and delivery, as the case may be, of a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, the amount of cash and shares of common stock, if any, due upon conversion will be based on a daily conversion value (as described herein) calculated on a proportionate basis for each trading day in a 40 trading day observation period (as described herein). See “Description of Notes— Conversion Rights—Settlement upon Conversion.”

 

 

In addition, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date or if we issue a notice of redemption, we will increase



 

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the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its notes in connection with such a corporate event or during the related redemption period in certain circumstances as described under “Description of Notes—Conversion Rights—Increase in Conversion Rate upon Conversion upon a Make-Whole Fundamental Change or during a Redemption Period.”

 

  You will not receive any additional cash payment or additional shares representing accrued and unpaid interest, if any, upon conversion of a note, except in limited circumstances. Instead, interest will be deemed to be paid by the cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock paid or delivered, as the case may be, to you upon conversion of a note.

 

Optional Redemption

We may not redeem the notes prior to February 4, 2022. We may redeem for cash all or any portion of the notes, at our option, on or after February 4, 2022 if the last reported sale price of our common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30-consecutive-trading-day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which we provide notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the notes, which means that we are not required to redeem or retire the notes periodically.

 

  We will give notice of any redemption not less than 60 nor more than 75 calendar days’ written notice before the redemption date (provided that if we elect physical settlement (as defined under “Description of Notes—Conversion Rights—Settlement Upon Conversion”) for conversions that occur during the related redemption period, we may provide not less than 15 nor more than 45 calendar days’ written notice, and provided, further, that if we do not elect physical settlement, any redemption notice date must be at least one calendar day prior to the first scheduled trading day of any relevant observation period) to the trustee, the conversion agent (if other than the trustee), the paying agent (if other than the trustee) and each holder of notes. See “Description of Notes—Optional Redemption.”

 

Fundamental Change

If we undergo a “fundamental change” (as defined in this prospectus under “Description of Notes—Fundamental Change Permits Holders to Require Us to Repurchase Notes”), subject to certain conditions, holders may require us to repurchase for cash all or part of their notes in principal amounts of $1,000 or a multiple thereof. The fundamental change repurchase price will be equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.



 

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See “Description of Notes—Fundamental Change Permits Holders to Require Us to Repurchase Notes.”

 

Ranking

The notes are our senior unsecured obligations and rank:

 

   

senior in right of payment to any of our indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the notes;

 

   

equal in right of payment to any of our unsecured indebtedness that is not so subordinated;

 

   

effectively junior in right of payment to any of our secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and

 

   

structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) of our subsidiaries.

 

  As of September 30, 2019, we had total principal amount of indebtedness for borrowed money of approximately $287 million, and our subsidiaries had approximately $22 million of indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables, but excluding intercompany obligations and liabilities of a type not required to be reflected on a balance sheet of such subsidiaries in accordance with GAAP) to which the notes would have been structurally subordinated. After giving effect to the issuance of the new notes, our total consolidated principal amount of indebtedness for borrowed money as of September 30, 2019 would have been $362.5 million.

 

  The indenture governing the notes does not limit the amount of debt that we or our subsidiaries may incur.

 

Contractual Transfer Restrictions; Additional Interest

Although the new notes are being offered hereby in a registered offering, unless you elect otherwise in accordance with the procedures set forth in “Unrestricted Election,” by purchasing the new notes you are agreeing that the notes and the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the notes, if any, will be restricted notes that are subject to the same transfer restrictions applicable to the existing notes and any shares of common stock issuable upon conversion thereof. The existing notes were not issued in a registered offering and, as a result, constitute “restricted securities” under Rule 144 under the Securities Act. As a result, holders may only resell the notes or shares of common stock issued upon conversion of the notes, if any, pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and other applicable securities laws. We do not intend to file a shelf registration statement for the resale of the restricted notes or the common stock, if any, issuable upon conversion of the restricted notes.

 

 

If, at any time during the six month period beginning on, and including, the date that is six months after the last date of original



 

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issuance of the existing notes, we fail to timely file any document or report that we are required to file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as applicable (after giving effect to all applicable grace periods thereunder and other than reports on Form 8 K), or the notes are not otherwise freely tradable pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act (“Rule 144”) by holders other than our affiliates or holders that were our affiliates at any time during the three months immediately preceding (as a result of restrictions pursuant to U.S. securities laws or the terms of the indenture or the notes), we will pay additional interest on the notes at a rate equal to 0.50% per annum of the principal amount of the notes outstanding for each day during such period for which our failure to file has occurred and is continuing or the notes are not otherwise freely tradable pursuant to Rule 144 by holders other than our affiliates (or holders that were our affiliates at any time during the three months immediately preceding).

 

  Further, if, and for so long as, the restrictive legend on the restricted notes has not been removed, the restricted notes are assigned a restricted CUSIP number or the notes are not otherwise freely tradable pursuant to Rule 144 by holders other than our affiliates or holders that were our affiliates at any time during the three months immediately preceding (without restrictions pursuant to U.S. securities laws or the terms of the indenture or the notes) as of the 380th day after the last date of original issuance of the existing notes, we will pay additional interest on the notes at a rate equal to 0.50% per annum of the principal amount of notes outstanding until the restrictive legend has been removed from the restricted notes, the restricted notes are assigned an unrestricted CUSIP number and the notes are freely tradable as described above by holders other than our affiliates (or holders that were our affiliates at any time during the three months immediately preceding). Any additional interest on the notes that we are required to pay pursuant to the two immediately preceding paragraphs will be payable in arrears on each interest payment date following accrual in the same manner as regular interest on the notes. See “Description of Notes—Contractual Transfer Restrictions; Additional Interest.”

 

  However, in no event shall additional interest payable pursuant to the provisions of the third immediately preceding paragraph as a result of our failure to file any document or report that we are required to file with the SEC during the six month period beginning on, and including, the date that is six months after the last date of original issuance of the notes accrue, together with any additional interest payable as described under “Description of Notes—Events of Default,” accrue at a rate in excess of 0.50% per annum, regardless of the number of events or circumstances giving rise to requirements to pay such additional interest pursuant to these provisions or pursuant to “Description of Notes—Events of Default.”


 

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  In the event that holders elect to receive unrestricted notes, those notes will not be subject to the contractual transfer restrictions described above nor will they have the benefit of the additional interest provisions described above.

 

Use of Proceeds

We estimate that the net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $72.5 million, after deducting the underwriter’s discount and estimated expenses payable by us. In addition, we intend to enter into capped call transaction with the underwriter or affiliates thereof (the “option counterparty”). We intend to use approximately $9.25 million of the net proceeds from this offering to pay the cost of the capped call transaction.

 

  Our primary objective in executing this $75 million issuance of additional notes is to replenish cash on our balance sheet following our use of approximately $73 million in cash for the acquisition of Wavecell Pte. Ltd. in July 2019 and for general corporate purposes, including financing potential acquisitions and other strategic transactions. However, we currently have no commitments with respect to any such acquisitions or other strategic transactions. Pending their use, we intend to invest the net proceeds from this offering in short-term, interest bearing instruments and other investment grade securities.

 

  See “Use of Proceeds.”

 

Book-Entry Form

The notes will be issued in book-entry form and will be represented by one or more permanent global certificates deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC and registered in the name of a nominee of DTC. Beneficial interests in any of the notes will be shown on, and transfers will be effected only through, records maintained by DTC or its nominee and any such interest may not be exchanged for certificated securities, except in limited circumstances.

 

Absence of a Public Market for the Notes

We cannot assure you as to the liquidity of any market for the notes. The underwriter has advised us that it currently intends to make a market in the notes. However, it is not obligated to do so, and it may discontinue any market making with respect to the notes without notice. The existing notes are not listed on any securities exchange or any automated dealer quotation system and we do not intend to apply for a listing of the notes on any securities exchange or any automated dealer quotation system.

 

U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences

For the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the holding, disposition and conversion of the new notes, and the holding and disposition of shares of our common stock, see “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.”

 

Capped Call Transaction

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dilution to our common stock upon any conversion of notes at maturity and/or offset cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap.

 

  In connection with establishing their initial hedge of the capped call transaction, we expect that the option counterparty or its affiliates:

 

   

may enter into various cash-settled over-the-counter derivative transactions with respect to our common stock concurrently with, or shortly after, the pricing of the additional notes, including with certain investors in the additional notes; and

 

   

may unwind these cash-settled over-the-counter derivative transactions and purchase shares of our common stock in open market transactions following the pricing of the additional notes.

 

This activity could increase (or reduce the size of any decrease in) the market price of our common stock or the notes at that time.

 

  In addition, the option counterparty or its affiliates may modify their hedge positions by entering into or unwinding various derivatives with respect to our common stock and/or purchasing or selling our common stock or other securities of ours in secondary market transactions following the pricing of the notes and prior to the maturity of the notes (and are likely to do so during the valuation period for the capped call transaction, which is expected to occur during the 40 trading day period beginning on the 41st scheduled trading day prior to the maturity of the notes). This activity could also cause or avoid an increase or a decrease in the market price of our common stock or the notes, which could affect your ability to convert the notes and, to the extent the activity occurs during any observation period related to a conversion of notes, it could affect the number of shares and value of the consideration that you will receive upon conversion of the notes.

 

  For a discussion of the potential impact of any market or other activity by the option counterparty or its affiliates in connection with the capped call transaction, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Notes—The capped call transaction may affect the value of the notes and our common stock” and “Underwriting—Capped Call Transaction.”

 

New York Stock Exchange Symbol for Our Common Stock

Our common stock is listed on The New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “EGHT.”

 

Trustee, Paying Agent and Conversion Agent

Wilmington Trust, National Association

 



 

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RISK FACTORS

An investment in the notes involves significant risks. Prior to making a decision about investing in the notes, and in consultation with your own financial and legal advisors, you should carefully consider, among other matters, the following risk factors, as well as the risk factors discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2019, and the other information contained in or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and in other filings we may make from time to time with the SEC. Each of the risks described in these sections and documents could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition and could result in a complete loss of your investment.

As used in this section of the prospectus, the term “notes” includes the new notes and the existing notes, unless the context requires otherwise.

Risks Related to the Notes

The notes are effectively subordinated to our secured debt and any liabilities of our subsidiaries.

The notes rank senior in right of payment to any of our indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the notes; equal in right of payment to any of our liabilities that are not so subordinated; effectively junior in right of payment to any of our secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) of our subsidiaries. In the event of our bankruptcy, liquidation, reorganization or other winding up, our assets that secure debt ranking senior or equal in right of payment to the notes will be available to pay obligations on the notes only after the secured debt has been repaid in full from these assets, and the assets of our subsidiaries will be available to pay obligations on the notes only after all claims senior to the notes have been repaid in full. There may not be sufficient assets remaining to pay amounts due on any or all of the notes then outstanding. The indenture governing the notes does not prohibit us from incurring additional senior debt or secured debt, nor does it prohibit any of our subsidiaries from incurring additional liabilities.

As of September 30, 2019, we had total principal amount of indebtedness for borrowed money of approximately $287 million, and our subsidiaries had approximately $22 million for indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables, but excluding intercompany obligations and liabilities of a type not required to be reflected on a balance sheet of such subsidiaries in accordance with GAAP) to which the notes would have been structurally subordinated. After giving effect to the issuance of the new notes, our total consolidated principal amount of indebtedness for borrowed money as of September 30, 2019 would have been $362.5 million.

Servicing our debt will require a significant amount of cash, and we may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to pay our substantial debt.

Our ability to make scheduled payments of the principal of, to pay interest on or to refinance our indebtedness, including the amounts payable under the notes, depends on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control. Our business may not continue to generate cash flow from operations in the future sufficient to service our debt and make necessary capital expenditures. If we are unable to generate such cash flow, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets, restructuring debt or obtaining additional equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. Our ability to refinance our indebtedness will depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. We may not be able to engage in any of these activities or engage in these activities on desirable terms, which could result in a default on our debt obligations.

 

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Recent and future regulatory actions and other events may adversely affect the trading price and liquidity of the notes.

We expect that many investors in, and potential purchasers of, the notes will employ, or seek to employ, a convertible arbitrage strategy with respect to the notes. Investors would typically implement such a strategy by selling short the common stock underlying the notes and dynamically adjusting their short position while continuing to hold the notes. Investors may also implement this type of strategy by entering into swaps on our common stock in lieu of or in addition to short selling the common stock.

The SEC and other regulatory and self-regulatory authorities have implemented various rules and taken certain actions, and may in the future adopt additional rules and take other actions, that may impact those engaging in short selling activity involving equity securities (including our common stock). Such rules and actions include Rule 201 of SEC Regulation SHO, the adoption by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. and the national securities exchanges of a “Limit Up-Limit Down” program, the imposition of market-wide circuit breakers that halt trading of securities for certain periods following specific market declines, and the implementation of certain regulatory reforms required by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010. Any governmental or regulatory action that restricts the ability of investors in, or potential purchasers of, the notes to effect short sales of our common stock, borrow our common stock or enter into swaps on our common stock could adversely affect the trading price and the liquidity of the notes.

Volatility in the market price and trading volume of our common stock could adversely impact the trading price of the notes.

We expect that the trading price of the notes will be significantly affected by the market price of our common stock. The stock market in recent years has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated to the operating performance of companies. The market price of our common stock could fluctuate significantly for many reasons, including in response to the risks described in this section, elsewhere in this prospectus or the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus or for reasons unrelated to our operations, many of which are beyond our control, such as reports by industry analysts, investor perceptions or negative announcements by our customers, competitors or suppliers regarding their own performance, as well as industry conditions and general financial, economic and political instability. A decrease in the market price of our common stock would likely adversely impact the trading price of the notes. The market price of our common stock could also be affected by possible sales of our common stock by investors who view the notes as a more attractive means of equity participation in us and by hedging or arbitrage trading activity that we expect to develop involving our common stock. This trading activity could, in turn, affect the trading price of the notes.

Although the new notes are being offered hereby in a registered offering, we expect them to be subject to the same transfer restrictions as the existing notes.

Although the new notes are being offered hereby in a registered offering, unless you elect otherwise in accordance with the procedures set forth in “Unrestricted Election,” by purchasing the new notes you are agreeing that the new notes will be restricted notes that are subject to the same transfer restrictions as the existing notes, issued with the same restricted CUSIP and restrictive legends as the existing notes and trade interchangeably with the existing notes. The shares of common stock issued upon conversion of restricted notes, if any, will be subject to the same transfer restrictions as the shares of common stock issued upon conversion of existing notes, if any. The existing notes were not issued in a registered offering and, as a result, constitute “restricted securities” under Rule 144 under the Securities Act. As a result, such restricted notes and shares of common stock, if any, may not be transferred or resold except in a transaction exempt from or not subject to the registration requirements of the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws. We cannot assure you that we will be able to remove the restrictive legend from the restricted notes or from any shares of our common stock issued upon conversion of the restricted notes. The new notes will be issued with the same restricted CUSIP

 

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number as the additional notes, unless you elect otherwise pursuant to the procedures set forth in “Unrestricted Election.” See “Description of Notes—Contractual Transfer Restrictions; Additional Interest” and “Contractual Transfer Restrictions.”

We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to settle conversions of the notes in cash or to repurchase the notes upon a fundamental change, and our future debt may contain limitations on our ability to pay cash upon conversion or repurchase of the notes.

Holders of the notes have the right to require us to repurchase their notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, as described under “Description of Notes— Fundamental Change Permits Holders to Require Us to Repurchase Notes.” In addition, upon conversion of the notes, unless we elect to deliver solely shares of our common stock to settle such conversion (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we will be required to make cash payments in respect of the notes being converted as described under “Description of Notes—Conversion Rights—Settlement upon Conversion.” However, we may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing at the time we are required to make repurchases of notes surrendered therefor or notes being converted. In addition, our ability to repurchase the notes or to pay cash upon conversions of the notes may be limited by law, by regulatory authority or by agreements governing our future indebtedness. Our failure to repurchase notes at a time when the repurchase is required by the indenture or to pay any cash payable on future conversions of the notes as required by the indenture would constitute a default under the indenture. A default under the indenture or the occurrence of the fundamental change may also lead to a default under agreements governing our future indebtedness. If the repayment of the related indebtedness were to be accelerated after any applicable notice or grace periods, we may not have sufficient funds to repay the indebtedness and repurchase the notes or make cash payments upon conversions thereof.

The conditional conversion feature of the notes, if triggered, may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.

In the event the conditional conversion feature of the notes is triggered, holders of notes will be entitled to convert the notes at any time during specified periods at their option. See “Description of Notes—Conversion Rights.” If one or more holders elect to convert their notes, unless we elect to satisfy our conversion obligation by delivering solely shares of our common stock (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we would be required to settle a portion or all of our conversion obligation through the payment of cash, which could adversely affect our liquidity. In addition, even if holders of notes do not elect to convert their notes, we could be required under applicable accounting rules to reclassify all or a portion of the outstanding principal of the notes as a current rather than long-term liability, which would result in a material reduction of our net working capital.

The accounting method for convertible debt securities that may be settled in cash, such as the notes, could have a material effect on our reported financial results.

Under Accounting Standards Codification 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options (“ASC 470-20”), an entity must separately account for the liability and equity components of the convertible debt instruments (such as the notes) that may be settled entirely or partially in cash upon conversion in a manner that reflects the issuer’s economic interest cost. The effect of ASC 470-20 on the accounting for the notes is that the equity component is required to be included in the additional paid-in capital section of stockholders’ equity on our condensed consolidated balance sheet at the issuance date and the value of the equity component would be treated as debt discount for purposes of accounting for the debt component of the notes. As a result, we will be required to record a greater amount of non-cash interest expense as a result of the amortization of the discounted carrying value of the notes to their face amount over the term of the notes. We will report larger net losses (or lower net income) in our financial results because ASC 470-20 will require interest to include both the

 

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amortization of the debt discount and the instrument’s non-convertible coupon interest rate, which could adversely affect our reported or future financial results, the trading price of our common stock and the trading price of the notes.

In addition, under certain circumstances, convertible debt instruments (such as the notes) that may be settled entirely or partly in cash may be accounted for utilizing the treasury stock method, the effect of which is that the shares issuable upon conversion of such notes are not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share except to the extent that the conversion value of such notes exceeds their principal amount. Under the treasury stock method, for diluted earnings per share purposes, the transaction is accounted for as if the number of shares of common stock that would be necessary to settle such excess, if we elected to settle such excess in shares, are issued. We cannot be sure that the accounting standards in the future will continue to permit the use of the treasury stock method. If we are unable or otherwise elect not to use the treasury stock method in accounting for the shares issuable upon conversion of the notes, then our diluted earnings per share could be adversely affected.

Holders of notes are not entitled to any rights with respect to our common stock, but they are subject to all changes made with respect to them to the extent our conversion obligation includes shares of our common stock.

Holders of notes are not entitled to any rights with respect to our common stock (including, without limitation, voting rights and rights to receive any dividends or other distributions on our common stock) prior to the conversion date relating to such notes (if we have elected to settle the relevant conversion by delivering solely shares of our common stock (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share)) or the last trading day of the relevant observation period (if we elect to pay and deliver, as the case may be, a combination of cash and shares of our common stock in respect of the relevant conversion), but holders of notes are subject to all changes affecting our common stock. For example, if an amendment is proposed to our certificate of incorporation or by-laws requiring stockholder approval and the record date for determining the stockholders of record entitled to vote on the amendment occurs prior to the conversion date related to a holder’s conversion of its notes (if we have elected to settle the relevant conversion by delivering solely shares of our common stock (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share)) or the last trading day of the relevant observation period (if we elect to pay and deliver, as the case may be, a combination of cash and shares of our common stock in respect of the relevant conversion), such holder will not be entitled to vote on the amendment, although such holder will nevertheless be subject to any changes affecting our common stock.

The conditional conversion feature of the notes could result in holders receiving less than the value of our common stock into which the notes would otherwise be convertible.

Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding October 1, 2023, holders may convert their notes only if specified conditions are met. If the specific conditions for conversion are not met, holders will not be able to convert their notes, and they may not be able to receive the value of the cash, common stock or a combination of cash and common stock, as applicable, into which the notes would otherwise be convertible.

Upon conversion of the notes, holders may receive less valuable consideration than expected because the value of our common stock may decline after such holders exercise their conversion right but before we settle our conversion obligation.

Under the notes, a converting holder will be exposed to fluctuations in the value of our common stock during the period from the date such holder surrenders notes for conversion until the date we settle our conversion obligation.

Upon conversion of the notes, we have the option to pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of our common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock. If we elect to satisfy our conversion

 

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obligation in cash or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, the amount of consideration that holders will receive upon conversion of their notes will be determined by reference to the volume-weighted average price of our common stock for each trading day in a 40 trading day observation period. As described under “Description of Notes—Conversion Rights—Settlement upon Conversion,” this period would be: (i) subject to clause (ii), if the relevant conversion date occurs prior to October 1, 2023, the 40 consecutive trading days beginning on, and including, the second trading day immediately succeeding such conversion date; (ii) subject to clause (iii), if the relevant conversion date occurs during a redemption period with respect to the notes as described under “Description of Notes—Optional Redemption,” the 40 consecutive trading days beginning on, and including, the 41st scheduled trading day immediately preceding such redemption date; and (iii) if the relevant conversion date occurs on or after October 1, 2023, the 40 consecutive trading days beginning on, and including, the 41st scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date. Accordingly, if the price of our common stock decreases during this period, the amount and/or value of consideration holders receive will be adversely affected. In addition, if the market price of our common stock at the end of such period is below the average of the daily volume weighted average prices of our common stock during such period, the value of any shares of our common stock that holders will receive in satisfaction of our conversion obligation will be less than the value used to determine the number of shares that holders will receive.

If we elect to satisfy our conversion obligation solely in shares of our common stock upon conversion of the notes, we will be required to deliver the shares of our common stock, together with cash for any fractional share, on the second business day following the relevant conversion date. Accordingly, if the price of our common stock decreases during this period, the value of the shares that holders receive will be adversely affected and would be less than the conversion value of the notes on the conversion date.

The notes are not protected by restrictive covenants.

The indenture governing the notes does not contain any financial or operating covenants or restrictions on the payments of dividends, the incurrence of indebtedness or the issuance or repurchase of securities by us or any of our subsidiaries. The indenture does not contain any covenants or other provisions to afford protection to holders of the notes in the event of a fundamental change or other corporate transaction involving us except to the extent described under “Description of Notes—Fundamental Change Permits Holders to Require Us to Repurchase Notes,” “Description of Notes—Conversion Rights—Increase in Conversion Rate upon Conversion upon a Make-Whole Fundamental Change or during a Redemption Period” and “Description of Notes— Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets.”

The notes are our obligations only and a portion of our operations are conducted through, and a portion of our consolidated assets are held by, our subsidiaries.

The notes are our obligations exclusively and are not guaranteed by any of our operating subsidiaries. A portion of our operations is conducted through, and a portion of our consolidated assets are held by, our subsidiaries. Our subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities and have no obligation, contingent or otherwise, to make payments on the notes or to make any funds available for that purpose. In addition, dividends, loans or other distributions to us from such subsidiaries may be subject to contractual and other restrictions and are subject to other business considerations.

The increase in the conversion rate for notes converted in connection with a make-whole fundamental change or during a redemption period may not adequately compensate holders for any lost value of their notes as a result of such transaction or redemption.

If a make-whole fundamental change occurs prior to the maturity date or upon our issuance of a notice of redemption, under certain circumstances, we will increase the conversion rate by a number of additional shares of our common stock for notes converted in connection with such make-whole fundamental change or during the related redemption period. The increase in the conversion rate will be determined based on the date on which the

 

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specified corporate transaction becomes effective or the redemption notice date, as applicable, and the price paid (or deemed to be paid) per share of our common stock in such transaction or on such redemption notice date, as described below under “Description of Notes—Conversion Rights—Increase in Conversion Rate upon Conversion upon a Make-Whole Fundamental Change or during a Redemption Period.” The increase in the conversion rate for notes converted in connection with a make-whole fundamental change or during a redemption period may not adequately compensate holders for any lost value of their notes as a result of such transaction or redemption. In addition, if the price per share of our common stock paid (or deemed to be paid) in the transaction or on the related redemption notice date, as applicable, is greater than $100.00 per share or less than $19.75 per share (in each case, subject to adjustment), no additional shares will be added to the conversion rate. Moreover, in no event will the conversion rate per $1,000 principal amount of notes as a result of this adjustment exceed 50.6329 shares of common stock, subject to adjustment in the same manner as the conversion rate as set forth under “Description of Notes—Conversion Rights—Conversion Rate Adjustments.”

Our obligation to increase the conversion rate for notes converted in connection with a make-whole fundamental change or during a redemption period could be considered a penalty, in which case the enforceability thereof would be subject to general principles of reasonableness and equitable remedies.

The conversion rate of the notes may not be adjusted for all dilutive events.

The conversion rate of the notes is subject to adjustment for certain events, including, but not limited to, the issuance of certain stock dividends on our common stock, the issuance of certain rights or warrants, subdivisions, combinations, distributions of capital stock, indebtedness, or assets, cash dividends and certain issuer tender or exchange offers as described under “Description of Notes—Conversion Rights—Conversion Rate Adjustments.” However, the conversion rate will not be adjusted for other events, such as a third-party tender or exchange offer or an issuance of our common stock for cash, that may adversely affect the trading price of the notes or our common stock. An event that adversely affects the value of the notes may occur, and that event may not result in an adjustment to the conversion rate.

Some significant restructuring transactions may not constitute a fundamental change, in which case we would not be obligated to offer to repurchase the notes.

Upon the occurrence of a fundamental change, holders have the right to require us to repurchase their notes. However, the fundamental change provisions will not afford protection to holders of notes in the event of other transactions that could adversely affect the notes. For example, transactions such as leveraged recapitalizations, refinancings, restructurings, or acquisitions initiated by us may not constitute a fundamental change requiring us to offer to repurchase the notes. In the event of any such transaction, the holders would not have the right to require us to repurchase the notes, even though each of these transactions could increase the amount of our indebtedness, or otherwise adversely affect our capital structure or any credit ratings, thereby adversely affecting the holders of notes.

We have not registered the existing notes or the common stock issuable upon conversion of the existing notes, if any, which will limit your ability to resell them.

The existing notes and the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the existing notes, if any, have not been registered under the Securities Act or any state securities laws. Unless the existing notes and the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the existing notes, if any, have been registered, the existing notes and such shares may not be transferred or resold except in a transaction exempt from or not subject to the registration requirements of the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws. We do not intend to file a registration statement for the resale of the existing notes and the common stock, if any, into which the existing notes are convertible. Unless you elect otherwise in accordance with the procedures set forth in “Unrestricted Election,” by purchasing the new notes you are agreeing that the new notes and the shares of common stock issued upon conversion thereof, if any, will be subject to the same transfer restrictions as the existing notes and

 

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the shares of common stock issued upon conversion thereof, if any. See “Description of Notes—Contractual Transfer Restrictions; Additional Interest.”

The notes do not trade on any national securities exchange and are not quoted on any interdealer quotation system. We cannot assure you that an active trading market will develop for the notes.

The notes do not trade on any national securities exchange and are not quoted on any interdealer quotation system. We cannot assure you that an active trading market will develop for the notes. We have been informed by the underwriter that it intends to make a market in the notes after the offering is completed. However, the underwriter may cease its market-making at any time without notice. In addition, the liquidity of the trading market in the notes, and the market price quoted for the notes, may be adversely affected by changes in the overall market for this type of security and by changes in our financial performance or prospects or in the prospects for companies in our industry generally. As a result, we cannot assure holders that an active trading market will develop for the notes. If an active trading market does not develop or is not maintained, the market price and liquidity of the notes may be adversely affected. In that case holders may not be able to sell their notes at a particular time or holders may not be able to sell their notes at a favorable price.

Any adverse rating of the notes may cause their trading price to fall.

The existing notes are not rated and we do not intend to seek a rating on the notes. However, if a rating service were to rate the notes and if such rating service were to lower its rating on the notes below the rating initially assigned to the notes or otherwise announces its intention to put the notes on credit watch, the trading price of the notes could decline.

Holders may be subject to tax if we make or fail to make certain adjustments to the conversion rate of the notes even though holders do not receive a corresponding cash distribution.

The conversion rate of the notes is subject to adjustment in certain circumstances, including the payment of cash dividends. If the conversion rate is adjusted as a result of a distribution that is taxable to our common stockholders, such as a cash dividend, holders may be deemed to have received a dividend subject to U.S. federal income tax without the receipt of any cash. In addition, a failure to adjust (or to adjust adequately) the conversion rate after an event that increases a holder’s proportionate interest in us could be treated as a deemed taxable dividend to such holder. If a make-whole fundamental change occurs prior to the maturity date or we issue a notice of redemption, under some circumstances, we will increase the conversion rate for notes converted in connection with the make-whole fundamental change or during the related redemption period. Such increase may also be treated as a distribution subject to U.S. federal income tax as a dividend. See “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.” If a holder is a non-U.S. holder (as defined under “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations”), any deemed dividend would generally be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at a 30% rate, or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable treaty, which may be set off against subsequent payments on the notes or our common stock of such non-U.S. holder, or from any proceeds of any subsequent sale, exchange or other disposition of such notes or such common stock by such non-U.S. holder or other funds or assets of such non-U.S. holder. See “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.” The IRS has proposed regulations addressing the amount and timing of deemed distributions, obligations of withholding agents and filing and notice obligations of issuers, which if adopted could affect the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a holder of notes deemed to receive such a distribution. See “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.”

The capped call transaction may affect the value of the notes and our common stock.

In connection with the pricing of the new notes, we expect to enter into a capped call transaction with the underwriter or affiliates thereof (the “option counterparty”). The capped call transaction is expected generally to reduce the potential dilution upon conversion of the notes at maturity and/or offset cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap.

 

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In connection with establishing their initial hedge of the capped call transaction, we expect that the option counterparty or its affiliates:

 

   

may enter into various cash-settled over-the-counter derivative transactions with respect to our common stock concurrently with, or shortly after, the pricing of the additional notes, including with certain investors in the additional notes; and

 

   

may unwind these cash-settled over-the-counter derivative transactions and purchase shares of our common stock in open market transactions following the pricing of the additional notes.

This activity could increase (or reduce the size of any decrease in) the market price of our common stock or the notes at that time.

In addition, the option counterparty or its affiliates may modify their hedge positions by entering into or unwinding various derivatives with respect to our common stock and/or purchasing or selling our common stock or other securities of ours in secondary market transactions following the pricing of the notes and prior to the maturity of the notes (and are likely to do so during the valuation period for the capped call transaction, which is expected to occur during the 40 trading day period beginning on the 41st scheduled trading day prior to the maturity of the notes). This activity could also cause or avoid an increase or a decrease in the market price of our common stock or the notes, which could affect your ability to convert the notes and, to the extent the activity occurs during any observation period related to a conversion of notes, it could affect the number of shares and value of the consideration that you will receive upon conversion of the notes.

In addition, if the capped call transaction fails to become effective, whether or not this offering of notes is completed, the option counterparty or its affiliates may unwind their hedge positions with respect to our common stock, which could adversely affect the value of our common stock and, if the notes have been issued, the value of the notes.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

The trading price of our common stock is subject to volatility. This volatility may affect the price at which holders could sell the common stock you receive upon conversion of your notes, if any, and the value of your notes.

The trading price of our common stock has been, and is likely to continue to be volatile, and could decline substantially within a short period of time. This volatility may affect the price at which holders could sell the common stock, if any, received upon conversion of the notes, and the value of the notes. For example, in the twelve-month period ended October 31, 2019, our trading price ranged from $26.67 to $16.34. The trading price of our common stock may be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. In addition to the factors discussed in this “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this prospectus, these factors include:

 

   

our operating performance and the operating performance of similar companies;

 

   

announcements of technical innovations, new products or new contracts by us or our competitors;

 

   

the overall performance of the equity markets;

 

   

the number of shares of our common stock publicly owned and available for trading;

 

   

threatened or actual litigation;

 

   

changes in laws or regulations relating to our services;

 

   

any major change in our board of directors or management, or other key personnel;

 

   

publication of research reports about us or our industry or changes in recommendations or withdrawal of research coverage by securities analysts;

 

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large volumes of sales of shares by our directors or management; and

 

   

developments with respect to patents or proprietary rights, or general political and economic conditions.

In addition, the stock markets in general, and market prices for the securities of technology-based companies like ours in particular, have from time to time experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that often has been unrelated to the operating performance of the underlying companies. These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock and the trading price of the notes, regardless of our operating performance. Securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in the overall market and in the market price of a company’s securities. This litigation, if instituted against us, could result in very substantial costs, divert our management’s attention and resources and harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Future sales of our common stock or equity-linked securities in the public market could lower the market price for our common stock and adversely impact the trading price of the notes.

In the future, we may sell additional shares of our common stock or equity-linked securities to raise capital. In addition, a substantial number of shares of our common stock is reserved for issuance upon the exercise of stock options, upon the vesting and settlement of restricted stock units and performance units and upon conversion of the notes. We cannot predict the size of future issuances or the effect, if any, that they may have on the market price for our common stock. The issuance and sale of substantial amounts of common stock or equity-linked securities, or the perception that such issuances and sales may occur, could adversely affect the trading price of the notes and the market price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity or equity-linked securities.

As of September 30, 2019, our directors and executive officers held an aggregate of 1,914,623 shares, or 1.9%, of our common stock outstanding as of such date. In addition, as of September 30, 2019, 12,319,079 shares of our common stock were subject to options, restricted stock units, and performance stock units outstanding, and 19,377,508 shares of our common stock were available for future grant under our equity incentive plans. These shares may be sold in the public market upon issuance and once vested, subject to the restrictions provided under the terms of the applicable plan or award agreement. If these additional shares are sold, or if it is perceived that they will be sold, in the public market, the trading price of our common stock, and the value of the notes, could decline.

We are unable to predict the effect that sales, or the perception that our shares may be available for sale, will have on the prevailing market price of our common stock and the trading price of the notes.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they change their recommendations regarding our stock adversely, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock will be influenced by the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrades our stock or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of our company or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which might cause our stock price and trading volume to decline.

Furthermore, such analysts publish their own projections regarding our actual results. These projections may vary widely from one another and may not accurately predict the results we actually achieve. Our stock price may decline if we fail to meet analysts’ projections.

Any adverse impact on the market price for our common stock would likely adversely affect the trading price of the notes as well.

 

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Delaware law and our corporate charter and by-laws contain anti-takeover provisions that could delay or discourage takeover attempts that stockholders may consider favorable, which could also reduce the market price of our common stock and the value of the notes.

Our restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws contain provisions that could have the effect of delaying or preventing changes in control or changes in our management without the consent of our board of directors, including, among other things:

 

   

no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates;

 

   

the ability of our board of directors to issue shares of preferred stock and to determine the price and other terms of those shares, including preferences and voting rights, without stockholder approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquirer;

 

   

the exclusive right of our board of directors to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of our board of directors or the resignation, death or removal of a director, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on our board of directors;

 

   

a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent, which forces stockholder action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders;

 

   

the requirement that a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by a majority vote of our board of directors or by stockholders holding shares of our common stock representing in the aggregate a majority of votes then outstanding, which could delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors;

 

   

the ability of our board of directors, by majority vote, to amend our by-laws, which may allow our board of directors to take additional actions to prevent a hostile acquisition and inhibit the ability of an acquirer to amend our by-laws to facilitate a hostile acquisition; and

 

   

advance notice procedures with which stockholders must comply to nominate candidates to our board of directors or to propose matters to be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us.

We are also subject to certain anti-takeover provisions under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, or the DGCL. Under Section 203 of the DGCL, a corporation may not, in general, engage in a business combination with any holder of 15% or more of its capital stock unless the holder has held the stock for three years or (i) our board of directors approves the transaction prior to the stockholder acquiring the 15% ownership position, (ii) upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder acquiring the 15% ownership position, the stockholder owns at least 85% of the outstanding voting stock (excluding shares owned by directors or officers and shares owned by certain employee stock plans) or (iii) the transaction is approved by the board of directors and by the stockholders at an annual or special meeting by a vote of 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock (excluding shares held or controlled by the interested stockholder). These provisions in our restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated by-laws and under Delaware law could discourage potential takeover attempts.

Any provision of our restated certificate of incorporation, our by-laws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock, and could also negatively affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock and the trading price of the notes.

 

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We do not currently intend to pay dividends on our common stock and, consequently, the ability to achieve a return on an investment in our stock will depend on appreciation in the price of our common stock.

We have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock and do not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We anticipate that we will retain any future earnings for use in the development of our business and for general corporate purposes. Therefore, holders are not likely to receive any dividends on any shares of common stock that are received upon conversion of the notes for the foreseeable future, and the success of an investment in shares of our common stock will depend upon any future appreciation in their valuation. There is no guarantee that any shares of our common stock holders receive upon conversion of the notes will appreciate in value.

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that the net proceeds from the sale of the notes in this offering, after deducting the underwriter’s discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us, will be approximately $72.5 million. In addition, we expect to enter into a capped call transaction as described under “Description of Capped Call Transaction.” We intend to use approximately $9.25 million of the net proceeds from the sale of the notes to pay the cost of the capped call transaction we expect to enter into with the underwriter or affiliates thereof (the “option counterparty”).

Our primary objective in executing this $75 million issuance of additional notes is to replenish cash on our balance sheet following our use of approximately $73 million in cash for the acquisition of Wavecell Pte. Ltd. in July 2019 and for general corporate purposes, including financing potential acquisitions and other strategic transactions. However, we currently have no commitments with respect to any such acquisitions or other strategic transactions. Pending their use, we intend to invest the net proceeds from this offering in short-term, interest bearing instruments and other investment grade securities.

 

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CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and total capitalization as of September 30, 2019:

 

   

on an actual basis; and

 

   

on an as adjusted basis to give effect to (i) the receipt of the estimated $72,525,000 in net proceeds from the sale of the new notes in this offering, after deducting the underwriter’s discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us and (ii) the estimated cost of the capped call transaction, as described under “Use of Proceeds.”

You should read this table in conjunction with “Use of Proceeds,” which appears elsewhere in this prospectus, as well as our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

 

($ in thousands, except share and per share data and footnotes)

   As of September 30, 2019  
   Actual     As Adjusted  
     (unaudited)  

Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments(1)

   $ 191,543     $ 254,818  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Long-term debt:

    

0.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024(1)(2)

   $ 222,432     $ 297,432
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Stockholders’ equity:

    

Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share; 5,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding, actual and as adjusted

    

Common stock, par value $0.001 per share, 200,000,000 shares authorized; 100,943,265 shares issued and outstanding, actual and as adjusted(3)

     100       100  

Additional paid-in capital(1)(2)

     575,416       575,416  

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

     (11,140     (11,140

Accumulated deficit

     (325,499     (325,499
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total stockholders’ equity(1)(2)

     238,877       238,877  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total capitalization

   $ 461,309     $ 536,309  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1)

In accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options, convertible debt that may be entirely or partially settled in cash (such as the new notes) is required to be separated into a liability and an equity component, such that interest expense reflects the issuer’s non-convertible debt interest cost. On the issuance date, the value of the conversion option of the new notes, representing the equity component, will be recorded as additional paid-in capital within stockholders’ equity and as a discount to the new notes, which reduces their initial carrying value. The carrying value of the new notes, net of the discount recorded, will be accreted up to the principal amount of the new notes from the issuance date until maturity. Disclosure requirements under ASC 470-20 do not affect the actual amount that we are required to repay. The amount shown in the table above for the existing notes does reflect the debt discount for the value of the conversion option, the underwriter’s discount and the offering expenses that we incurred in connection with the issuance thereof. The amount shown in the table above for the new notes is the aggregate principal amount of the new notes, without reflecting the debt discount for the value of the conversion option, the underwriter’s discount and the offering fees and expenses that we expect to incur with respect to the new notes. The amount shown for additional paid-in capital on an as-adjusted basis does not reflect the equity component of the new notes.

(2)

We expect to use approximately $9.25 million of the net proceeds from this offering to pay the cost of the capped call transaction, as described under “Use of Proceeds.” Issuance of the new notes and the entry into the capped call transaction (after giving effect to the application of ASC 470-20 to the new notes as described in note (1) above) will result in a net increase to additional paid-in capital and, therefore, an

 

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  increase in total stockholders’ equity and total capitalization. However, amounts shown in the table above do not reflect the application of ASC 470-20 to the new notes as described in note (1) above. Additionally, additional paid-in capital and, therefore, total stockholders’ equity and total capitalization do not reflect the reduction from the cost of the capped call transaction that is expected to be accounted for as an equity instrument and not as a derivative. See “Description of Capped Call Transaction.”
(3)

The number of outstanding shares of common stock in the above table excludes, as of September 30, 2019:

 

   

2,788,110 shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options outstanding under our stock incentive plans with a weighted average exercise price of $9.125 per share;

 

   

8,478,564 shares issuable pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units outstanding under our stock incentive plans;

 

   

1,052,405 shares issuable pursuant to performance stock units (assuming 100% target attainment) issued under our stock incentive plans;

 

   

19,377,508 shares reserved for issuance and available for future grant or sale under our stock incentive plans; and

 

   

the shares reserved for issuance upon conversion of the notes.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF NOTES

We will issue the $75 million aggregate principal amount of our 0.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (the “new notes”) under the indenture, dated as of February 19, 2019 (the “indenture”), between us and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “trustee”). The indenture will be subject to, and governed by, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.

The new notes will constitute a further issuance of, and form a single series with, our outstanding 0.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 issued on February 19, 2019 (the “existing notes” and, together with the new notes, the “notes”). The existing notes and the new notes will be treated as a single series of securities for all purposes under the indenture, including, without limitation, waivers, amendments and offers to purchase. Unless you elect otherwise in accordance with the procedures set forth in “Unrestricted Election,” the new notes will have the same restricted CUSIP number and restricted legends and will be subject to the same transfer restrictions, as the existing notes and trade interchangeably with the existing notes (such restricted new notes, together with the existing notes, the “restricted notes”). Holders of the existing notes, the new notes and any additional notes of the same series that we issue in the future pursuant to the indenture will vote as one class under the indenture and be treated identically for all purposes under the indenture, including, without limitation, waivers, amendments and offers to purchase. For purchasers of the notes offered hereby who do not make an Unrestricted Election, such restricted new notes will be fungible with the existing notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes. For purchasers of the notes offered hereby who make an Unrestricted Election, such unrestricted notes are anticipated to become fungible with the restricted notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes once the restricted notes are not subject to transfer restrictions and are assigned an unrestricted CUSIP number, as described under “Description of Notes—Contractual Transfer Restrictions; Additional Interest” and “Notice to Investors.” Immediately after giving effect to the issuance of the notes offered hereby, we will have $362.5 million aggregate principal amount of 0.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 outstanding.

You may request a copy of the indenture from us as described under “Where You Can Find More Information.”

The following description is a summary of the material provisions of the notes and the indenture and does not purport to be complete. This summary is subject to and is qualified by reference to all the provisions of the notes and the indenture, including the definitions of certain terms used in the indenture. We urge you to read these documents because they, and not this description, define your rights as a holder of the notes.

For purposes of this description, references to “we,” “our” and “us” refer only to 8x8, Inc. and not to its subsidiaries.

General

The notes:

 

   

are our general unsecured, senior obligations;

 

   

bear cash interest from February 19, 2019 (interest on the new notes will accrue from the August 1, 2019 interest payment date of the existing notes) at an annual rate of 0.50% payable on February 1 and August 1 of each year, beginning on, with respect to the new notes, February 1, 2020;

 

   

are subject to redemption at our option, in whole or in part on or after February 4, 2022 if the last reported sale price of our common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which we provide written notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date as described under “—Optional Redemption;”

 

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are subject to repurchase by us at the option of the holders following a fundamental change (as defined below under “—Fundamental Change Permits Holders to Require Us to Repurchase Notes”) occurring prior to the maturity date at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date;

 

   

mature on February 1, 2024, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased;

 

   

are issued in minimum denominations of $1,000 and multiples of $1,000; and

 

   

are represented by one or more registered notes in global form, but in certain limited circumstances may be represented by notes in definitive form. See “—Book-Entry, Settlement and Clearance.”

Subject to satisfaction of certain conditions and during the periods described below, the notes may be converted at the option of the holder at an initial conversion rate of 38.9484 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $25.68 per share of common stock). The conversion rate is subject to adjustment if certain events occur.

We will settle conversions of notes by paying or delivering, as the case may be, cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election, as described under “—Conversion Rights—Settlement upon Conversion.” Upon conversion, you will not receive any separate cash payment for interest, if any, accrued and unpaid to the conversion date except under the limited circumstances described below.

The indenture does not limit the amount of debt that may be issued by us or our subsidiaries under the indenture or otherwise. The indenture does not contain any financial covenants and does not restrict us from paying dividends or issuing or repurchasing our securities. Other than restrictions described under “—Fundamental Change Permits Holders to Require Us to Repurchase Notes” and “—Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets” below and except for the provisions set forth under “—Conversion Rights—Increase in Conversion Rate upon Conversion upon a Make-Whole Fundamental Change or during a Redemption Period,” the indenture does not contain any covenants or other provisions designed to afford holders of the notes protection in the event of a highly leveraged transaction involving us or our subsidiaries or in the event of a decline in our credit rating as the result of a takeover, recapitalization, highly leveraged transaction or similar restructuring involving us that could adversely affect such holders.

We may, without the consent of, or notice to, the holders, reopen the indenture for the notes and issue further additional notes under the indenture with the same terms as the notes offered hereby (other than differences in the issue date, the issue price, interest accrued prior to the issue date of such additional notes and, if applicable, restrictions on transfer in respect of such additional notes) in an unlimited aggregate principal amount; provided that if any such further additional notes are not fungible with the existing notes initially offered hereby for U.S. federal income tax or U.S. securities law purposes, such further additional notes will have one or more separate CUSIP numbers.

The existing notes are not listed or quoted, and we do not intend to list the notes on any securities exchange or any automated dealer quotation system.

Except to the extent the context otherwise requires, we use the term “notes” in this prospectus to refer to each $1,000 principal amount of notes. We use the term “common stock” in this prospectus to refer to our common stock, par value $0.001 per share. References in this prospectus to a “holder” or “holders” of notes that are held through The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) are references to owners of beneficial interests in such notes, unless the context otherwise requires. However, we and the trustee will treat the person in whose name the notes are registered (Cede & Co., in the case of notes held through DTC) as the owner of such notes for all purposes. References herein to the “close of business” refer to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, and to the “open of business” refer to 9:00 a.m., New York City time.

 

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Purchase and Cancellation

We will cause all notes surrendered for payment, repurchase (including as described below), redemption, registration of transfer or exchange or conversion, if surrendered to any person other than the trustee (including any of our agents, subsidiaries or other affiliates), to be delivered to the trustee for cancellation. All notes delivered to the trustee shall be cancelled promptly by the trustee. Except for notes surrendered for transfer or exchange, no notes shall be authenticated in exchange for any notes cancelled as provided in the indenture.

We may, to the extent permitted by law, directly or indirectly (regardless of whether such notes are surrendered to us), repurchase notes in the open market or otherwise, whether by us or our subsidiaries or through a private or public tender or exchange offer or through counterparties to private agreements, including by cash-settled swaps or other derivatives, in each case without prior notice to holders. We will cause any notes so repurchased (other than notes repurchased pursuant to cash-settled swaps or other derivatives) to be surrendered to the trustee for cancellation, and upon receipt of a written order from us, the trustee will cancel all the notes so surrendered and they will no longer be considered “outstanding” under the indenture upon their repurchase.

Payments on the Notes; Paying Agent and Registrar; Transfer and Exchange

We will pay or cause the paying agent to pay the principal of, and interest on, notes in global form registered in the name of or held by DTC or its nominee in immediately available funds to DTC or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered holder of such global note.

We will pay or cause the paying agent to pay the principal of any certificated notes at the office or agency designated by us for that purpose. We have initially designated the trustee as our paying agent and registrar and its corporate trust office located in the continental United States as a place where notes may be presented for payment or for registration of transfer. We may, however, change the paying agent or registrar without prior notice to the holders of the notes, and we may act as paying agent or registrar. Interest on certificated notes will be payable (i) to holders having an aggregate principal amount of $5,000,000 or less, by check mailed to the holders of these notes and (ii) to holders having an aggregate principal amount of more than $5,000,000, either by check mailed to each holder or, upon application by such a holder to the registrar not later than the relevant regular record date, by wire transfer in immediately available funds to that holder’s account within the United States if such holder has provided us, the trustee or the paying agent (if other than the trustee) with the requisite information necessary to make such wire transfer, which application shall remain in effect until the holder notifies, in writing, the registrar to the contrary.

A holder of certificated notes may transfer or exchange such notes at the office of the registrar in accordance with the indenture. The registrar and the trustee may require a holder, among other things, to furnish appropriate endorsements and transfer documents. No service charge will be imposed by us, the trustee or the registrar for any registration of transfer or exchange of notes, but we may require a holder to pay a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or other similar governmental charge required by law or permitted by the indenture. You may not sell or otherwise transfer restricted notes or any common stock issuable upon conversion of restricted notes except in compliance with the provisions set forth in this prospectus under “Notice to Investors” and “Contractual Transfer Restrictions.” We are not required to transfer or exchange any note selected for redemption or surrendered for conversion or required repurchase. A holder of a beneficial interest in a note in global form may transfer or exchange such beneficial interest in accordance with the indenture and the applicable procedures of DTC. See “—Book-Entry, Settlement and Clearance.”

The registered holder of a note will be treated as its owner for all purposes.

Interest

The notes bear cash interest at a rate of 0.50% per year until maturity. Interest on the new notes will accrue from the August 1, 2019 interest payment date of the existing notes or from the most recent date on which

 

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interest has been paid or duly provided for. Interest will be payable semiannually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year, beginning on February 1, 2020 for the new notes.

Interest will be paid to the person in whose name a note is registered at the close of business on January 15 or July 15, as the case may be, immediately preceding the relevant interest payment date (each, a “regular record date”). Interest on the notes is computed on the basis of a 360-day year composed of twelve 30-day months and, for partial months, on the basis of the number of days actually elapsed in a 30-day month.

If any interest payment date, the maturity date or any earlier required repurchase date upon a fundamental change of a note falls on a day that is not a business day, the required payment will be made on the next succeeding business day and no interest on such payment will accrue in respect of the delay. The term “business day” means, with respect to any note, any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which the Federal Reserve Bank of New York is authorized or required by law or executive order to close or be closed.

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to interest in this prospectus include additional interest, if any, payable as described under “—Contractual Transfer Restrictions; Additional Interest” and at our election as the sole remedy relating to the failure to comply with our reporting obligations as described under “—Events of Default.”

Ranking

The notes are our general unsecured obligations that rank senior in right of payment to all of our indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the notes. The notes rank equal in right of payment with all of our liabilities that are not so subordinated. The notes effectively rank junior to any of our secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. In the event of our bankruptcy, liquidation, reorganization or other winding up, our assets that secure secured debt will be available to pay obligations on the notes only after all indebtedness under such secured debt has been repaid in full from such assets. The notes rank structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities of our subsidiaries. We advise you that there may not be sufficient assets remaining to pay amounts due on any or all the notes then outstanding.

As of September 30, 2019, we had total principal amount of indebtedness for borrowed money of approximately $287.5 million, and our subsidiaries had approximately $22 million of indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables, but excluding intercompany obligations and liabilities of a type not required to be reflected on a balance sheet of such subsidiaries in accordance with GAAP) to which the notes would have been structurally subordinated. After giving effect to the issuance of the new notes, our total consolidated principal amount of indebtedness for borrowed money as of September 30, 2019 would have been $362.5 million.

The ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends and make other payments to us is restricted by, among other things, applicable corporate and other laws and regulations and may be restricted by our future debt agreements and agreements to which our subsidiaries may become a party. We may not be able to pay the cash portions of any settlement amount upon conversion of the notes, or to pay cash for the fundamental change repurchase price if a holder requires us to repurchase notes upon a fundamental change as described below. See “Risk Factors— Risks Related to the Notes—We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to settle conversions of the notes in cash or to repurchase the notes upon a fundamental change, and our future debt may contain limitations on our ability to pay cash upon conversion or repurchase of the notes.”

Optional Redemption

No “sinking fund” is provided for the notes, which means we are not required to redeem or retire the notes periodically. Prior to February 4, 2022, the notes will not be redeemable. On or after February 4, 2022, we may

 

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redeem all or part of the notes, at our option, if the last reported sale price (as defined under “—Conversion Rights—Settlement upon Conversion”) of our common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which we provide written notice of redemption (a “redemption notice date”). In the case of any optional redemption, we will provide not less than 60 nor more than 75 calendar days’ written notice before the redemption date (provided that if we elect physical settlement (as defined under “—Conversion Rights— Settlement Upon Conversion”) for conversions that occur during the related redemption period, we may provide not less than 15 nor more than 45 calendar days’ written notice, and provided, further, that if we do not elect physical settlement, any redemption notice date must be at least one calendar day prior to the first scheduled trading day of any relevant observation period) to the trustee, the conversion agent (if other than the trustee), the paying agent (if other than the trustee) and each holder of notes, and we will redeem the notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of such notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. Any notes redeemed by us will be paid for in cash. The redemption date must be a business day.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if we set a redemption date after a regular record date and on or prior to the corresponding interest payment date, we will not pay accrued interest to any holder of notes to be redeemed, and will instead pay the full amount of the relevant interest payment on such interest payment date to the holder of record as of the close of business on such regular record date.

With respect to any notes that are converted during a redemption period as described under “—Conversion Rights—General,” we will, under certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for the notes so surrendered for conversion by a number of additional shares as described under “—Conversion Rights—Increase in Conversion Rate upon Conversion upon a Make-Whole Fundamental Change or during a Redemption Period.”

If we decide to redeem fewer than all of the outstanding notes, the notes to be redeemed will be selected according to DTC’s applicable procedures, in the case of notes represented by a global note, or, in the case of notes in certificated form, the trustee shall select, in such manner as it shall deem appropriate and fair, notes to be redeemed in whole or in part (in minimum denominations of $1,000 and multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof).

If the trustee selects a portion of your notes for redemption and you convert a portion of such notes, the converted portion will be deemed to be from the portion selected for redemption.

In the event of any redemption in part, we will not be required to register the transfer of or exchange any note so selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any such note being redeemed in part.

No notes may be redeemed if the principal amount of the notes has been accelerated, and such acceleration has not been rescinded, on or prior to the redemption date (except in the case of an acceleration resulting from a default by us in the payment of the redemption price with respect to such notes).

Conversion Rights

General

Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding October 1, 2023, the notes are convertible only upon satisfaction of one or more of the conditions described under the headings “—Conversion upon Satisfaction of Sale Price Condition,” “—Conversion upon Satisfaction of Trading Price Condition,” “—Conversion upon Notice of Redemption,” and “—Conversion upon Specified Corporate Events.” On or after October 1, 2023 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert all or any portion of their notes at the conversion rate at any time irrespective of the foregoing conditions.

 

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The conversion rate will initially be 38.9484 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $25.68 per share of common stock). Upon conversion of a note, we will satisfy our conversion obligation by paying or delivering, as the case may be, cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election, all as set forth below under “—Settlement upon Conversion.” If we satisfy our conversion obligation solely in cash or through payment and delivery, as the case may be, of a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, the amount of cash and shares of common stock, if any, due upon conversion will be based on a daily conversion value (as defined below) calculated on a proportionate basis for each trading day in a 40 trading day observation period (as defined below under “—Settlement upon Conversion”). The trustee currently acts as the conversion agent.

A holder may convert fewer than all of such holder’s notes so long as the notes converted are a multiple of $1,000 principal amount.

If we call notes for redemption, a holder of notes may convert all or any portion of its notes only until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date unless we fail to pay the redemption price (in which case a holder of notes may convert such notes until the redemption price has been paid or duly provided for). If a holder elects to convert notes from, and including, the redemption notice date until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the related redemption date (any such period, a “redemption period”), we will, under certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for the notes so converted as described under “—Increase in Conversion Rate upon Conversion upon a Make-Whole Fundamental Change or during a Redemption Period.” If a holder of notes has submitted notes for repurchase upon a fundamental change, the holder may convert those notes only if that holder first withdraws its fundamental change repurchase notice.

Upon conversion, you will not receive any separate cash payment for accrued and unpaid interest, if any, except as described below, and we will not adjust the conversion rate for any accrued and unpaid interest on any converted notes. We will not issue fractional shares of our common stock upon conversion of notes. Instead, we will pay cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share as described under “—Settlement upon Conversion.” Our payment and delivery, as the case may be, to you of the cash, shares of our common stock or a combination thereof, as the case may be, into which a note is convertible will be deemed to satisfy in full our obligation to pay:

 

   

the principal amount of the note; and

 

   

accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the relevant conversion date.

As a result, accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the relevant conversion date will be deemed to be paid in full rather than cancelled, extinguished or forfeited. Upon a conversion of notes into a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, accrued and unpaid interest will be deemed to be paid first out of the cash paid upon such conversion.

Notwithstanding the immediately preceding paragraph, if notes are converted after the close of business on a regular record date for the payment of interest and prior to the open of business on the corresponding interest payment date, holders of such notes at the close of business on such regular record date will receive the full amount of interest payable on such notes (to, but excluding, such interest payment date) on the corresponding interest payment date notwithstanding the conversion. However, notes surrendered for conversion during the period from the close of business on any regular record date to the open of business on the immediately following interest payment date must be accompanied by funds equal to the amount of interest payable on such interest payment date on the notes so converted; provided that no such payment need be made:

 

   

for conversions following the close of business on the regular record date immediately preceding the maturity date;

 

   

if we have specified a fundamental change repurchase date that is after a regular record date and on or prior to the business day immediately following the corresponding interest payment date;

 

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if we have specified a redemption date that is after a regular record date and on or prior to the second scheduled trading day immediately following the corresponding interest payment date; or

 

   

to the extent of any overdue interest, if any overdue interest exists at the time of conversion with respect to such note.

Therefore, for the avoidance of doubt, all record holders on the regular record date immediately preceding the maturity date, any redemption date and any fundamental change repurchase date described in the bullets in the preceding paragraph will receive the full interest payment due on the maturity date or other applicable interest payment date in cash regardless of whether their notes have been converted following such regular record date.

If a holder converts notes, we will pay any documentary, stamp or similar issue or transfer tax due on any issuance of any shares of our common stock upon the conversion, unless the tax is due because the holder requests such shares to be issued in a name other than the holder’s name, in which case the holder shall pay that tax.

Holders may surrender their notes for conversion only under the following circumstances:

Conversion upon Satisfaction of Sale Price Condition

Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding October 1, 2023, a holder may surrender all or any portion of its notes for conversion at any time during any fiscal quarter (and only during such fiscal quarter), if the last reported sale price of the common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day. If the sale price condition has been met, we will so notify the holders, the trustee and the conversion agent (if other than the trustee).

The “last reported sale price” of our common stock (or other security for which a closing sale price must be determined) on any date means the closing sale price per share (or if no closing sale price is reported, the average of the last bid and last ask prices per share or, if more than one in either case, the average of the average last bid and the average last ask prices per share) on that date as reported in composite transactions for the principal U.S. national or regional securities exchange on which our common stock (or such other security) is traded. If our common stock (or such other security) is not listed for trading on a U.S. national or regional securities exchange on the relevant date, the “last reported sale price” will be the last quoted bid price per share for our common stock (or such other security) in the over-the-counter market on the relevant date as reported by OTC Markets Group Inc. or a similar organization. If our common stock (or such other security) is not so quoted, the “last reported sale price” will be the average of the mid-point of the last bid and last ask prices per share for our common stock (or such other security) on the relevant date from each of at least three nationally recognized independent investment banking firms selected by us for this purpose. The “last reported sale price” will be determined without regard to after-hours trading or any other trading outside of the regular trading session hours.

Except for determining amounts due upon conversion, “trading day” means a day on which (i) trading in our common stock (or other security for which a closing sale price must be determined) generally occurs on The New York Stock Exchange or, if our common stock (or such other security) is not then listed on The New York Stock Exchange, on the principal other U.S. national or regional securities exchange on which our common stock (or such other security) is then listed or, if our common stock (or such other security) is not then listed on a U.S. national or regional securities exchange, on the principal other market on which our common stock (or such other security) is then traded, and (ii) a last reported sale price for our common stock (or closing sale price for such other security) is available on such securities exchange or market. If our common stock (or such other security) is not so listed or traded, “trading day” means a “business day.”

 

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Conversion upon Satisfaction of Trading Price Condition

Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding October 1, 2023, a holder of notes may surrender all or any portion of its notes for conversion at any time during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the “trading price” per $1,000 principal amount of notes, as determined following a request by a holder of notes in accordance with the procedures described below, for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of our common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day.

The “trading price” of the notes on any date of determination means the average of the secondary market bid quotations obtained by the bid solicitation agent for $5,000,000 principal amount of notes at approximately 3:30 p.m., New York City time, on such determination date from three independent nationally recognized securities dealers we select for this purpose; provided that if three such bids cannot reasonably be obtained by the bid solicitation agent but two such bids are obtained, then the average of the two bids shall be used, and if only one such bid can reasonably be obtained by the bid solicitation agent, that one bid shall be used. If the bid solicitation agent cannot reasonably obtain at least one bid for $5,000,000 principal amount of notes from a nationally recognized securities dealer, then the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of notes will be deemed to be less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of our common stock and the conversion rate on such date of determination. If (x) we are not acting as bid solicitation agent, and we do not, when we are required to, instruct the bid solicitation agent in writing to obtain bids, or if we give such written instruction to the bid solicitation agent, and the bid solicitation agent fails to make such determination, or (y) we are acting as bid solicitation agent and we fail to make such determination, then, in either case, the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of notes will be deemed to be less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of our common stock and the conversion rate on each trading day of such failure.

The bid solicitation agent (if other than us) shall have no obligation to determine the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of notes unless we have requested such written determination; and we shall have no obligation to make such request (or, if we are acting as bid solicitation agent, we shall have no obligation to determine the trading price) unless a holder of at least $2,000,000 aggregate principal amount of notes provides us with reasonable evidence that the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of notes would be less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of our common stock and the conversion rate. At such time, we shall instruct the bid solicitation agent (if other than us) to determine, or if we are acting as bid solicitation agent, we shall determine, the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of notes beginning on the next trading day and on each successive trading day until the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of notes is greater than or equal to 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of our common stock and the conversion rate. If the trading price condition has been met, we will so notify the holders, the trustee and the conversion agent (if other than the trustee) in writing on or within one business day of such determination. If we provide such notice within one business day of the relevant date of determination as provided in the immediately preceding sentence, holders may surrender their notes for conversion during the five business day period beginning on, and including, the business day immediately following such date of determination. If, at any time after the trading price condition has been met, the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of notes is greater than or equal to 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of our common stock and the conversion rate for such date, we will so notify the holders, the trustee and the conversion agent (if other than the trustee) in writing that the trading price condition is no longer met and thereafter neither we nor the bid solicitation agent (if other than us) shall be required to solicit bids again until after another qualifying request is made as provided above.

We currently act as the bid solicitation agent for the notes, but we may appoint another person as the bid solicitation agent without prior notice to the holders.

Conversion upon Notice of Redemption

If we call any or all of the notes for redemption prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding October 1, 2023, holders may convert all or any portion of their notes at any time prior to

 

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the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the relevant redemption date, even if the notes are not otherwise convertible at such time. After that time, the right to convert such notes on account of such redemption will expire, unless we default in the payment of the redemption price, in which case a holder of notes may convert all or any portion of its notes until the redemption price has been paid or duly provided for.

Conversion upon Specified Corporate Events

Certain Distributions

If, prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding October 1, 2023, we elect to:

 

   

issue to all or substantially all holders of our common stock any rights, options or warrants (other than a distribution of rights pursuant to a stockholder rights plan where such rights have not separated from our common stock) entitling them, for a period of not more than 45 calendar days after the announcement date of such issuance, to subscribe for or purchase shares of our common stock at a price per share that is less than the average of the last reported sale prices of our common stock for the 10 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date of announcement of such issuance; or

 

   

distribute to all or substantially all holders of our common stock our assets, securities or rights to purchase our securities (other than a distribution of rights pursuant to a stockholder rights plan where such rights have not separated from our common stock), which distribution has a per share value, as reasonably determined by us in good faith, exceeding 10% of the last reported sale price of our common stock on the trading day preceding the date of announcement for such distribution,

then, in either case, we must notify the holders of the notes in writing (with a copy to the trustee and the conversion agent (if other than the trustee)) at least 45 scheduled trading days prior to the ex-dividend date for such issuance or distribution. Once we have given such notice, holders may surrender all or any portion of their notes for conversion at any time until the earlier of the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the ex-dividend date for such issuance or distribution and our announcement that such issuance or distribution will not take place, even if the notes are not otherwise convertible at such time.

Certain Corporate Events

If a transaction or event that constitutes a “fundamental change” (as defined under “—Fundamental Change Permits Holders to Require Us to Repurchase Notes”) or a “make-whole fundamental change” (as defined under “—Increase in Conversion Rate upon Conversion upon a Make-Whole Fundamental Change or during a Redemption Period”) occurs prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding October 1, 2023, regardless of whether a holder has the right to require us to repurchase the notes as described under “—Fundamental Change Permits Holders to Require Us to Repurchase Notes,” or if we are a party to a consolidation, merger, binding share exchange, or transfer or lease of all or substantially all of our assets that occurs prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding October 1, 2023, in each case, pursuant to which our common stock would be converted into cash, securities or other assets (other than a merger effected solely to change our jurisdiction of incorporation that does not otherwise constitute a make-whole fundamental change or a fundamental change), then, in each case, all or any portion of a holder’s notes may be surrendered for conversion at any time from or after the effective date of such transaction or event until 35 trading days after the effective date of such transaction or event (or, if we give notice after the effective date of such transaction or event pursuant to the succeeding sentence, until the 35th trading day after we give such notice) or, if such transaction or event also constitutes a fundamental change, until the related fundamental change repurchase date. We will notify holders, the trustee and the conversion agent (if other than the trustee) as promptly as practicable following the date we publicly announce such transaction or event or otherwise become aware of such transaction or event, but in each case, in no event later than one business day after the effective date of such transaction or event.

 

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Conversions on or after October 1, 2023

On or after October 1, 2023, a holder may convert all or any portion of its notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date regardless of the foregoing conditions.

Conversion Procedures

If you hold a beneficial interest in a global note, to convert you must comply with DTC’s procedures for converting a beneficial interest in a global note and, if required, pay funds equal to interest payable on the next interest payment date to which you are not entitled and, if required, pay all transfer or similar taxes, if any. As such, if you are a beneficial owner of the notes, you must allow for sufficient time to comply with DTC’s procedures if you wish to exercise your conversion rights. Conversion instructions delivered through DTC are irrevocable.

If you hold a certificated note, to convert you must:

 

   

complete and manually sign the conversion notice on the back of the note, or a facsimile of the conversion notice;

 

   

deliver the conversion notice, which is irrevocable, and the note to the conversion agent;

 

   

if required, furnish appropriate endorsements and transfer documents; and

 

   

if required, pay funds equal to interest payable on the next interest payment date to which you are not entitled.

We will pay any documentary, stamp or similar issue or transfer tax on the issuance of any shares of our common stock upon conversion of the notes, unless the tax is due because the holder requests such shares to be issued in a name other than the holder’s name, in which case the holder shall pay that tax.

We refer to the date you comply with the relevant procedures for conversion described above as the “conversion date.”

If a holder has already delivered a repurchase notice as described under “—Fundamental Change Permits Holders to Require Us to Repurchase Notes” with respect to a note, the holder may not surrender that note for conversion until the holder has withdrawn the repurchase notice in accordance with the relevant provisions of the indenture. If a holder submits its notes for required repurchase, the holder’s right to withdraw the fundamental change repurchase notice and convert the notes that are subject to repurchase will terminate at the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the relevant fundamental change repurchase date.

Settlement upon Conversion

Upon conversion, we may choose to pay or deliver, as the case may be, either cash (“cash settlement”), shares of our common stock (“physical settlement”) or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock (“combination settlement”), as described below. We refer to each of these settlement methods as a “settlement method.”

All conversions for which the relevant conversion date occurs on or after October 1, 2023 or during a redemption period, will be settled using the same settlement method. Except for any conversions for which the relevant conversion date occurs during a redemption period and any conversions for which the relevant conversion date occurs on or after October 1, 2023, we will use the same settlement method for all conversions with the same conversion date, but we will not have any obligation to use the same settlement method with respect to conversions with different conversion dates. That is, we may choose for notes converted on one conversion date to settle conversions in physical settlement, and choose for notes converted on another conversion date cash settlement or combination settlement.

 

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If we elect a settlement method, we will inform holders so converting, the trustee and the conversion agent (if other than the trustee) of the settlement method we have selected no later than the close of business on the trading day immediately following the related conversion date (or in the case of any conversions occurring (i) during a redemption period as described under “—Optional Redemption,” in such notice of redemption or (ii) on or after October 1, 2023, no later than the close of business on the business day immediately preceding October 1, 2023). If we do not timely elect a settlement method as described in the preceding sentence, we will no longer have the right to elect cash settlement or physical settlement for such conversion date or during such period and we will be deemed to have elected combination settlement in respect of our conversion obligation, as described below, and the specified dollar amount (as defined below) per $1,000 principal amount of notes will be equal to $1,000. If we timely elect combination settlement, but we do not timely notify converting holders, the trustee and the conversion agent (if other than the trustee) of the specified dollar amount per $1,000 principal amount of notes, such specified dollar amount will be deemed to be $1,000. It is our current intent and policy to settle conversions of the notes through combination settlement with a specified dollar amount per $1,000 principal amount of notes of $1,000.

Settlement amounts will be computed as follows:

 

   

if we elect physical settlement, we will deliver to the converting holder in respect of each $1,000 principal amount of notes being converted a number of shares of common stock equal to the conversion rate;

 

   

if we elect cash settlement, we will pay to the converting holder in respect of each $1,000 principal amount of notes being converted cash in an amount equal to the sum of the daily conversion values for each of the 40 consecutive trading days during the related observation period; and

 

   

if we elect (or are deemed to have elected) combination settlement, we will pay or deliver, as the case may be, to the converting holder in respect of each $1,000 principal amount of notes being converted a “settlement amount” equal to the sum of the daily settlement amounts for each of the 40 consecutive trading days during the related observation period.

The “daily settlement amount,” for each of the 40 consecutive trading days during the observation period, shall consist of:

 

   

cash equal to the lesser of (i) the maximum cash amount per $1,000 principal amount of notes to be received upon conversion as specified in the notice specifying our chosen settlement method (or deemed specified as set forth above) (the “specified dollar amount”), if any, divided by 40 (such quotient, the “daily measurement value”) and (ii) the daily conversion value; and

 

   

if the daily conversion value exceeds the daily measurement value, a number of shares equal to (i) the difference between the daily conversion value and the daily measurement value, divided by (ii) the daily VWAP for such trading day.

The “daily conversion value” means, for each of the 40 consecutive trading days during the relevant observation period, 2.5% of the product of (1) the conversion rate on such trading day and (2) the daily VWAP for such trading day.

The “daily VWAP” means the per share volume-weighted average price as displayed under the heading “Bloomberg VWAP” on Bloomberg page “EGHT <equity> AQR” (or its equivalent successor if such page is not available) in respect of the period from the scheduled open of trading until the scheduled close of trading of the primary trading session on such trading day (or if such volume-weighted average price is unavailable, the market value of one share of our common stock on such trading day determined, using a volume-weighted average method, by a nationally recognized independent investment banking firm retained for this purpose by us). The “daily VWAP” will be determined without regard to after-hours trading or any other trading outside of the regular trading session trading hours.

 

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The “observation period” with respect to any note surrendered for conversion means:

 

   

subject to the immediately succeeding bullet, if the relevant conversion date occurs prior to October 1, 2023, the 40 consecutive trading day period beginning on, and including, the second trading day immediately succeeding such conversion date;

 

   

subject to the immediately succeeding bullet, if the relevant conversion date occurs during a redemption period with respect to the notes as described under “—Optional Redemption,” the 40 consecutive trading days beginning on, and including, the 41st scheduled trading day immediately preceding such redemption date; and

 

   

if the relevant conversion date occurs on or after October 1, 2023, the 40 consecutive trading days beginning on, and including, the 41st scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date.

For the purposes of determining amounts due upon conversion only, “trading day” means a day on which (i) there is no “market disruption event” (as defined below) and (ii) trading in our common stock generally occurs on The New York Stock Exchange or, if our common stock is not then listed on The New York Stock Exchange, on the principal other U.S. national or regional securities exchange on which our common stock is then listed or, if our common stock is not then listed on a U.S. national or regional securities exchange, on the principal other market on which our common stock is then listed or admitted for trading. If our common stock is not so listed or admitted for trading, “trading day” means a “business day.”

“Scheduled trading day” means a day that is scheduled to be a trading day on the principal U.S. national or regional securities exchange or market on which our common stock is listed or admitted for trading. If our common stock is not so listed or admitted for trading, “scheduled trading day” means a “business day.”

For the purposes of determining amounts due upon conversion, “market disruption event” means (i) a failure by the primary U.S. national or regional securities exchange or market on which our common stock is listed or admitted for trading to open for trading during its regular trading session or (ii) the occurrence or existence prior to 1:00 p.m., New York City time, on any scheduled trading day for our common stock for more than one half-hour period in the aggregate during regular trading hours of any suspension or limitation imposed on trading (by reason of movements in price exceeding limits permitted by the relevant stock exchange or otherwise) in our common stock or in any options contracts or futures contracts relating to our common stock.

Except as described under “—Increase in Conversion Rate upon Conversion upon a Make-Whole Fundamental Change or during a Redemption Period” and “—Recapitalizations, Reclassifications and Changes of Our Common Stock,” we will deliver the consideration due in respect of conversion on the second business day immediately following the relevant conversion date, if we elect physical settlement, or on the second business day immediately following the last trading day of the relevant observation period, in the case of any other settlement method.

We will pay cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share of common stock issuable upon conversion based on the daily VWAP for the relevant conversion date (in the case of physical settlement) or based on the daily VWAP for the last trading day of the relevant observation period (in the case of combination settlement).

Each conversion will be deemed to have been effected as to any notes surrendered for conversion on the conversion date; provided, however, that the person in whose name any shares of our common stock shall be issuable upon such conversion will become the holder of record of such shares as of the close of business on the conversion date (in the case of physical settlement) or the last trading day of the relevant observation period (in the case of combination settlement).

Conversion Rate Adjustments

The conversion rate will be adjusted as described below, except that we will not make any adjustments to the conversion rate if holders of the notes participate (other than in the case of (x) a share split or share

 

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combination or (y) a tender or exchange offer), at the same time and upon the same terms as holders of our common stock and solely as a result of holding the notes, in any of the transactions described below without having to convert their notes as if they held a number of shares of our common stock equal to the conversion rate, multiplied by the principal amount (expressed in thousands) of notes held by such holder.

 

  (1)

If we exclusively issue shares of our common stock as a dividend or distribution on shares of our common stock, or if we effect a share split or share combination, the conversion rate will be adjusted based on the following formula:

 

   CR1   =   CR  0  x   OS1   
  OS0   

where,

CR0  = the conversion rate in effect immediately prior to the open of business on the ex-dividend date of such dividend or distribution, or immediately prior to the open of business on the effective date of such share split or share combination, as applicable;

CR1  = the conversion rate in effect immediately after the open of business on such ex-dividend date or effective date, as applicable;

OS0  = the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately prior to the open of business on such ex-dividend date or effective date (before giving effect to any such dividend, distribution, share split or share combination), as applicable; and

OS1  = the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such dividend, distribution, share split or share combination, as applicable.

Any adjustment made under this clause (1) shall become effective immediately after the open of business on the ex-dividend date for such dividend or distribution, or immediately after the open of business on the effective date for such share split or share combination, as applicable. If any dividend or distribution of the type described in this clause (1) is declared but not so paid or made, the conversion rate shall be immediately readjusted, effective as of the date our board of directors or a committee thereof determines not to pay such dividend or distribution, to the conversion rate that would then be in effect if such dividend or distribution had not been declared.

 

  (2)

If we issue to all or substantially all holders of our common stock any rights, options or warrants (other than a distribution of rights pursuant to a stockholder rights plan) entitling them, for a period of not more than 45 calendar days after the announcement date of such issuance, to subscribe for or purchase shares of our common stock at a price per share that is less than the average of the last reported sale prices of our common stock for the 10 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date of announcement of such issuance, the conversion rate will be increased based on the following formula:

 

   CR1   =   CR0   x   OS0+X   
  OS0+Y   

where,

 

  CR0  =

the conversion rate in effect immediately prior to the open of business on the ex-dividend date for such issuance;

 

  CR1  =

the conversion rate in effect immediately after the open of business on such ex-dividend date;

 

  OS0  =

the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately prior to the open of business on such ex-dividend date;

 

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  X  =

the total number of shares of our common stock issuable pursuant to such rights, options or warrants;

and

 

  Y  =

the number of shares of our common stock equal to the aggregate price payable to exercise such rights, options or warrants, divided by the average of the last reported sale prices of our common stock over the 10 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date of announcement of the issuance of such rights, options or warrants.

Any increase made under this clause (2) will be made successively whenever any such rights, options or warrants are issued and shall become effective immediately after the open of business on the ex-dividend date for such issuance. To the extent that shares of common stock are not delivered after the expiration of such rights, options or warrants, the conversion rate shall be decreased to the conversion rate that would then be in effect had the increase with respect to the issuance of such rights, options or warrants been made on the basis of delivery of only the number of shares of common stock actually delivered. If such rights, options or warrants are not so issued, the conversion rate shall be decreased to the conversion rate that would then be in effect if such ex-dividend date for such issuance had not occurred.

For the purpose of this clause (2), and for the purpose of the first bullet point under “—Conversion upon Specified Corporate Events—Certain Distributions,” in determining whether any rights, options or warrants entitle the holders of our common stock to subscribe for or purchase shares of our common stock at a price per share that is less than such average of the last reported sale prices for the 10 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date of announcement of such issuance, and in determining the aggregate offering price of such shares of common stock, there shall be taken into account any consideration received by us for such rights, options or warrants and any amount payable on exercise or conversion thereof, the value of such consideration, if other than cash, to be determined by us in good faith.

 

  (3)

If we distribute shares of our capital stock, evidences of our indebtedness, other assets or property of ours or rights, options or warrants to acquire our capital stock or other securities, to all or substantially all holders of our common stock, excluding:

 

   

dividends, distributions or issuances as to which an adjustment was effected pursuant to clause (1) or (2) above;

 

   

dividends or distributions paid exclusively in cash as to which the provisions set forth in clause (4) below shall apply;

 

   

distributions of rights pursuant to a stockholder rights plan of ours (except as otherwise described below);

 

   

distributions of reference property in a transaction described in “—Recapitalizations, Reclassifications, and Changes of Our Common Stock;” and

 

   

spin-offs as to which the provisions set forth below in this clause (3) shall apply;

 

   

then the conversion rate will be increased based on the following formula:

 

   CR1   =   CR0   x        SP0       
  SP0  –FMV   

where,

 

  CR0  =

the conversion rate in effect immediately prior to the open of business on the ex-dividend date for such distribution;

 

  CR1  =

the conversion rate in effect immediately after the open of business on such ex-dividend date;

 

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  SP0  =

the average of the last reported sale prices of our common stock over the 10 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the ex-dividend date for such distribution; and

 

  FMV  =

the fair market value (as determined by us in good faith) of the shares of capital stock, evidences of indebtedness, other assets or property of ours, or rights, options or warrants to acquire our capital stock or other securities distributed with respect to each outstanding share of our common stock on the ex-dividend date for such distribution.

Any increase made under the portion of this clause (3) above will become effective immediately after the open of business on the ex-dividend date for such distribution. If such distribution is not so paid or made, the conversion rate shall be decreased to be the conversion rate that would then be in effect if such distribution had not been declared. If we issue rights, options or warrants that are only exercisable upon the occurrence of certain triggering events, then we will not adjust the conversion rate pursuant to the clauses above until the earliest of these triggering events occurs, and we will readjust the conversion rate to the extent that any of these rights, options or warrants are not exercised before they expire pursuant to the terms of the indenture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if “FMV” (as defined above) is equal to or greater than “SP0” (as defined above), in lieu of the foregoing increase, each holder of a note shall receive, in respect of each $1,000 principal amount thereof, at the same time and upon the same terms as holders of our common stock, the amount and kind of our capital stock, evidences of our indebtedness, other assets or property of ours or rights, options or warrants to acquire our capital stock or other securities that such holder would have received if such holder owned a number of shares of common stock equal to the conversion rate in effect on the ex-dividend date for the distribution.

With respect to an adjustment pursuant to this clause (3) where there has been a payment of a dividend or other distribution on our common stock of shares of capital stock of any class or series, or similar equity interest, of or relating to any of our subsidiaries or other business units, that are, or, when issued, will be, listed or admitted for trading on a U.S. national securities exchange, which we refer to as a “spin-off,” the conversion rate will be increased based on the following formula:

 

   CR1   =   CR0   x    FMV0+MP0   
  MP0   

where,

 

CR0   =    the conversion rate in effect immediately prior to the end of the valuation period (as defined below);
CR1   =    the conversion rate in effect immediately after the end of the valuation period;
FMV0   =    the average of the last reported sale prices of the capital stock or similar equity interest distributed to holders of our common stock applicable to one share of our common stock (determined by reference to the definition of last reported sale price set forth under “—Conversion upon Satisfaction of Sale Price Condition” as if references therein to our common stock were to such capital stock or similar equity interest) over the first 10 consecutive trading day period after, and including, the ex-dividend date of the spin-off (the “valuation period”); provided that if there is no last reported sale price of the capital stock or similar equity interest distributed to holders of our common stock on such ex-dividend date, the “valuation period” shall be the first ten consecutive trading day period after, and including, the first date such last reported sale price is available; and
MP0   =    the average of the last reported sale prices of our common stock over the valuation period.

The increase to the conversion rate under the preceding paragraph will occur at the close of business on the last trading day of the valuation period; provided that (x) in respect of any conversion of notes for which physical settlement is applicable, if the relevant conversion date occurs during the valuation period, the reference to “10”

 

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in the preceding paragraph shall be deemed replaced with such lesser number of trading days as have elapsed from, and including, the ex-dividend date for such spin-off to, and including, such conversion date in determining the conversion rate and (y) in respect of any conversion of notes for which cash settlement or combination settlement is applicable, for any trading day that falls within the relevant observation period for such conversion and within the valuation period, the reference to “10” in the preceding paragraph shall be deemed replaced with such lesser number of trading days as have elapsed from, and including, the ex-dividend date for such spin-off to, and including, such trading day in determining the conversion rate as of such trading day. If any dividend or distribution that constitutes a spin-off is declared but not so paid or made, the conversion rate shall be immediately decreased, effective as of the date our board or a committee thereof determines not to pay such dividend or distribution, to the conversion rate that would then be in effect if such dividend or distribution had not been declared or announced.

 

  (4)

If any cash dividend or distribution is made to all or substantially all holders of our common stock, the conversion rate will be adjusted based on the following formula:

 

   CR1   =   CR0   x         SP0       
  SP0 – C   

where,

 

CR   =    the conversion rate in effect immediately prior to the open of business on the ex-dividend date for such dividend or distribution;
CR1   =    the conversion rate in effect immediately after the open of business on the ex-dividend date for such dividend or distribution;
SP0   =    the last reported sale price of our common stock on the trading day immediately preceding the ex-dividend date for such dividend or distribution; and
C   =    the amount in cash per share we distribute to all or substantially all holders of our common stock.

Any increase made under this clause (4) shall become effective immediately after the open of business on the ex-dividend date for such dividend or distribution. If such dividend or distribution is not so paid, the conversion rate shall be decreased, effective as of the date our board of directors or a committee thereof determines not to make or pay such dividend or distribution, to be the conversion rate that would then be in effect if such dividend or distribution had not been declared. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if “C” (as defined above) is equal to or greater than “SP0” (as defined above), in lieu of the foregoing increase, each holder of a note shall receive, for each $1,000 principal amount thereof, at the same time and upon the same terms as holders of shares of our common stock, the amount of cash that such holder would have received if such holder owned a number of shares of our common stock equal to the conversion rate in effect on the ex-dividend date for such cash dividend or distribution.

 

  (5)

If we make or any of our subsidiaries makes a payment in respect of a tender or exchange offer for our common stock (other than an odd-lot tender offer), to the extent that the cash and value of any other consideration included in the payment per share of common stock exceeds the average of the last reported sale prices of our common stock over the 10 consecutive trading day period commencing on, and including, the trading day next succeeding the last date on which tenders or exchanges may be made pursuant to such tender or exchange offer, the conversion rate will be increased based on the following formula:

 

   CR1   =   CR0   x    AC + (SP1 x OS1)   
  OS0 x SP1   

 

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where,

 

CR0   =   the conversion rate in effect immediately prior to the close of business on the 10th trading day immediately following, and including, the trading day next succeeding the date such tender or exchange offer expires;
CR1   =   the conversion rate in effect immediately after the close of business on the 10th trading day immediately following, and including, the trading day next succeeding the date such tender or exchange offer expires;
AC   =   the aggregate value of all cash and any other consideration (as determined by us in good faith) paid or payable for shares purchased in such tender or exchange offer;
OS0   =   the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately prior to the date such tender or exchange offer expires (prior to giving effect to the purchase of all shares accepted for purchase or exchange in such tender or exchange offer);
OS1   =   the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after the date such tender or exchange offer expires (after giving effect to the purchase of all shares accepted for purchase or exchange in such tender or exchange offer); and
SP1   =   the average of the last reported sale prices of our common stock over the 10 consecutive trading day period commencing on, and including, the trading day next succeeding the date such tender or exchange offer expires.

The increase to the conversion rate under the preceding paragraph will occur at the close of business on the 10th trading day immediately following, and including, the trading day next succeeding the date such tender or exchange offer expires; provided that (x) in respect of any conversion of notes for which physical settlement is applicable, if the relevant conversion date occurs during the 10 trading days immediately following, and including, the trading day next succeeding the expiration date of any tender or exchange offer, references to “10” or “10th” in the preceding paragraph shall be deemed replaced with such lesser number of trading days as have elapsed from, and including, the trading day next succeeding the expiration date of such tender or exchange offer to, and including, such conversion date in determining the conversion rate and (y) in respect of any conversion of notes for which cash settlement or combination settlement is applicable, for any trading day that falls within the relevant observation period for such conversion and within the 10 trading days immediately following, and including, the trading day next succeeding the expiration date of any tender or exchange offer, references to “10” or “10th” in the preceding paragraph shall be deemed replaced with such lesser number of trading days as have elapsed from, and including, the trading day next succeeding the expiration date of such tender or exchange offer to, and including, such trading day in determining the conversion rate as of such trading day.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a conversion rate adjustment becomes effective on any ex-dividend date as described above, and a holder that has converted its notes on or after such ex-dividend date and on or prior to the related record date would be treated as the record holder of shares of our common stock as of the related conversion date as described under “—Settlement upon Conversion” based on an adjusted conversion rate for such ex-dividend date, then, notwithstanding the foregoing conversion rate adjustment provisions, the conversion rate adjustment relating to such ex-dividend date will not be made for such converting holder. Instead, such holder will be treated as if such holder were the record owner of the shares of our common stock on an unadjusted basis and participate in the related dividend, distribution or other event giving rise to such adjustment.

Except as stated herein, we will not adjust the conversion rate for the issuance of shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of our common stock or the right to purchase shares of our common stock or such convertible or exchangeable securities.

As used in this section, “ex-dividend date” means the first date on which the shares of our common stock trade on the applicable exchange or in the applicable market, regular way, without the right to receive the issuance, dividend or distribution in question, from us or, if applicable, from the seller of our common stock on

 

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such exchange or market (in the form of due bills or otherwise) as determined by such exchange or market, and “effective date” means the first date on which the shares of our common stock trade on the applicable exchange or in the applicable market, regular way, reflecting the relevant share split or share combination, as applicable.

As used in this section, “record date” means, with respect to any dividend, distribution or other transaction or event in which the holders of our common stock (or other applicable security) have the right to receive any cash, securities or other property or in which our common stock (or such other security) is exchanged for or converted into any combination of cash, securities or other property, the date fixed for determination of holders of our common stock (or such other security) entitled to receive such cash, securities or other property (whether such date is fixed by our board of directors or a duly authorized committee thereof, statute, contract or otherwise).

Subject to the applicable listing standards of The New York Stock Exchange, we are permitted to increase the conversion rate of the notes by any amount for a period of at least 20 business days if our board of directors or a committee thereof determines that such increase would be in our best interest. Subject to the applicable listing standards of The New York Stock Exchange, we may also (but are not required to) increase the conversion rate to avoid or diminish income tax to holders of our common stock or rights to purchase shares of our common stock in connection with a dividend or distribution of shares (or rights to acquire shares) or similar event.

A holder may, in some circumstances, including a distribution of cash dividends to holders of our shares of common stock, be deemed to have received a distribution subject to U.S. federal income tax as a result of an adjustment or the nonoccurrence of an adjustment to the conversion rate. For a discussion of the U.S. federal income tax treatment of an adjustment to the conversion rate, see “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.”

If we have a rights plan in effect upon conversion of the notes into common stock, you will receive, in addition to any shares of common stock received in connection with such conversion, the rights under the rights plan. However, if, prior to any conversion, the rights have separated from the shares of common stock in accordance with the provisions of the applicable rights plan, the conversion rate will be adjusted at the time of separation as if we distributed to all or substantially all holders of our common stock, shares of our capital stock, evidences of indebtedness, assets, property, rights, options or warrants as described in clause (3) above, subject to readjustment in the event of the expiration, termination or redemption of such rights.

Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, the conversion rate will not be adjusted:

 

   

upon the issuance of any shares of our common stock pursuant to any present or future plan providing for the reinvestment of dividends or interest payable on our securities and the investment of additional optional amounts in shares of our common stock under any plan;

 

   

upon the issuance of any shares of our common stock or options or rights to purchase those shares pursuant to any present or future employee, director or consultant benefit or incentive plan or program of or assumed by us or any of our subsidiaries;

 

   

upon the issuance of any shares of our common stock pursuant to any option, warrant, right or exercisable, exchangeable or convertible security not described in the preceding bullet and outstanding as of the date the notes were first issued;

 

   

upon the repurchase of any shares of our common stock pursuant to an open-market share repurchase program or other buy-back transaction (including, without limitation, any structured or derivative transactions such as an accelerated share repurchase transaction) that is not a tender offer or exchange offer of the nature described under clause (5) above;

 

   

solely for a change in the par value of our common stock; or

 

   

for accrued and unpaid interest, if any.

Adjustments to the conversion rate will be calculated to the nearest 1/10,000th of a share.

 

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If an adjustment to the conversion rate otherwise required by the provisions described above would result in a change of less than 1% to the conversion rate, then, notwithstanding the foregoing, we may, at our election, defer and carry forward such adjustment, except that all such deferred adjustments must be given effect immediately upon the earliest to occur of the following: (i) when all such deferred adjustments would result in an aggregate change of at least 1% to the conversion rate; (ii) on the conversion date for any notes (in the case of physical settlement), (iii) on each trading day of any observation period related to any conversion of notes (in the case of cash settlement or combination settlement), (iv) on the effective date of any fundamental change or make-whole fundamental change or (v) October 1, 2023, in each case, unless the adjustment has already been made.

Recapitalizations, Reclassifications and Changes of Our Common Stock

In the case of:

 

   

any recapitalization, reclassification or change of our common stock (other than changes resulting from a subdivision or combination or solely from changes in par value),

 

   

any consolidation, merger or combination involving us,

 

   

any sale, lease or other transfer to a third party of the consolidated assets of ours and our subsidiaries substantially as an entirety, or

 

   

any statutory share exchange,

in each case, as a result of which our common stock would be converted into, or exchanged for, stock, other securities, other property or assets (including cash or any combination thereof), then, at and after the effective time of the transaction, the right to convert each $1,000 principal amount of notes will be changed into a right to convert such principal amount of notes into the kind and amount of shares of stock, other securities or other property or assets (including cash or any combination thereof) that a holder of a number of shares of common stock equal to the conversion rate immediately prior to such transaction would have owned or been entitled to receive (the “reference property”) upon such transaction and we or the successor or purchasing corporation, as the case may be, will execute with the trustee and without the consent of the holders a supplemental indenture providing for such change in the right to convert each $1,000 principal amount of notes. However, at and after the effective time of the transaction, (i) we or the successor or purchasing corporation, as the case may be, will continue to have the right to determine the form of consideration to be paid or delivered, as the case may be, upon conversion of notes, as set forth under “—Settlement upon Conversion” and (ii)(x) any amount payable in cash upon conversion of the notes as set forth under “—Settlement upon Conversion” will continue to be payable in cash, (y) any shares of our common stock that we would have been required to deliver upon conversion of the notes as set forth under “—Settlement upon Conversion” will instead be deliverable in the amount and type of reference property that a holder of that number of shares of our common stock would have received in such transaction and (z) the daily VWAP will be calculated based on the value of a unit of reference property that a holder of one share of our common stock would have received in such transaction. If the transaction causes our common stock to be converted into, or exchanged for, the right to receive more than a single type of consideration (determined based in part upon any form of stockholder election), the reference property into which the notes will be convertible will be deemed to be the weighted average of the types and amounts of consideration actually received by the holders of our common stock. If the holders of our common stock receive only cash in such transaction, then for all conversions that occur after the effective date of such transaction (i) the consideration due upon conversion of each $1,000 principal amount of notes shall be solely cash in an amount equal to the conversion rate in effect on the conversion date (as may be increased as described under “—Increase in Conversion Rate upon Conversion upon a Make-Whole Fundamental Change or during a Redemption Period”), multiplied by the price paid per share of common stock in such transaction and (ii) we will satisfy our conversion obligation by paying cash to converting holders on the second business day immediately following the conversion date. We will notify holders, the trustee and the conversion agent (if other than the trustee) in writing of the weighted average as soon as reasonably practicable after such determination is made.

 

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The supplemental indenture providing that the notes will be convertible into reference property will also provide for anti-dilution and other adjustments that are as nearly equivalent as possible to the adjustments described under “—Conversion Rate Adjustments” above. If the reference property in respect of any such transaction includes shares of stock, securities or other property or assets (excluding cash) of a company other than us or the successor or purchasing corporation, as the case may be, in such transaction, such other company, if an affiliate of us or the successor or purchasing corporation, will also execute such supplemental indenture, and such supplemental indenture will contain such additional provisions to protect the interests of the holders, including the right of holders to require us to repurchase their notes upon a fundamental change as described under “—Fundamental Change Permits Holders to Require Us to Repurchase Notes” below, as we reasonably consider necessary by reason of the foregoing. We will agree in the indenture not to become a party to any such transaction unless its terms are consistent with the foregoing.

Adjustments of Prices

Whenever any provision of the indenture requires us to calculate the last reported sale prices, the daily VWAPs, the daily conversion values or the daily settlement amounts over a span of multiple days (including, without limitation, an observation period and the period, if any, for determining the “stock price” for purposes of a make-whole fundamental change), we will make appropriate adjustments to each to account for any adjustment to the conversion rate that becomes effective, or any event requiring an adjustment to the conversion rate where the ex-dividend date, effective date or expiration date of the event occurs, at any time during the period when the last reported sale prices, the daily VWAPs, the daily conversion values or the daily settlement amounts are to be calculated.

Increase in Conversion Rate upon Conversion upon a Make-Whole Fundamental Change or during a Redemption Period

If the “effective date” (as defined below) of a “fundamental change” (as defined below and determined after giving effect to any exceptions to or exclusions from such definition, but without regard to the proviso in clause (2) of the definition thereof, a “make-whole fundamental change”) occurs prior to the maturity date of the notes, and a holder elects to convert its notes in connection with such make-whole fundamental change or if we issue a notice of redemption as set forth under “—Optional Redemption” and a holder elects to convert notes during the related redemption period, we will, under certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for the notes so surrendered for conversion by a number of additional shares of common stock (the “additional shares”), as described below. A conversion of notes will be deemed for these purposes to be “in connection with” such make-whole fundamental change if the relevant notice of conversion of the notes is received by the conversion agent from, and including, the open of business on the effective date of the make-whole fundamental change up to, and including, the close of business on the business day immediately prior to the related fundamental change repurchase date (or, in the case of a make-whole fundamental change that would have been a fundamental change but for the proviso in clause (2) of the definition thereof, the close of business on the 35th trading day immediately following the effective date of such make-whole fundamental change) (such period, the “make-whole fundamental change period”).

Upon surrender of notes for conversion in connection with a make-whole fundamental change or during a redemption period, we will, at our option, satisfy our conversion obligation by physical settlement, cash settlement or combination settlement, based on the conversion rate as increased to reflect the additional shares pursuant to the table set forth below, as described under “—Settlement upon Conversion.” However, if the consideration for our common stock in any make-whole fundamental change described in clause (2) of the definition of fundamental change is composed entirely of cash, for any conversion of notes following the effective date of such make-whole fundamental change, the conversion obligation will be calculated based solely on the “stock price” (as defined below) for the transaction and will be deemed to be an amount of cash per $1,000 principal amount of converted notes equal to the conversion rate (including any increase to reflect the additional shares as described in this section), multiplied by such stock price. In such event, the conversion

 

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obligation will be determined and paid to holders in cash on the second business day following the conversion date. We will notify holders, the trustee and the conversion agent (if other than the trustee) of the effective date of any make-whole fundamental change no later than five business days after such effective date.

The number of additional shares, if any, by which the conversion rate will be increased will be determined by reference to the table below, based on the date on which the make-whole fundamental change occurs or becomes effective (the “effective date”) or the redemption notice date, as applicable, and the price (the “stock price”) paid (or deemed to be paid) per share of our common stock in the make-whole fundamental change or on the redemption notice date. If the holders of our common stock receive in exchange for their common stock only cash in a make-whole fundamental change described in clause (2) of the definition of fundamental change, the stock price will be the cash amount paid per share. Otherwise, the stock price will be the average of the last reported sale prices of our common stock over the five consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the effective date of the make-whole fundamental change or the redemption notice date, as the case may be. In the event that a conversion during a redemption period would also be deemed to be in connection with a make-whole fundamental change, a holder of the notes to be converted will be entitled to a single increase to the conversion rate with respect to the first to occur of the applicable redemption notice date or the effective date of the applicable make-whole fundamental change, and the later event will be deemed not to have occurred for purposes of this section.

The stock prices set forth in the column headings of the table below will be adjusted as of any date on which the conversion rate of the notes is otherwise adjusted. The adjusted stock prices will equal the stock prices immediately prior to such adjustment, multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the conversion rate immediately prior to the adjustment giving rise to the stock price adjustment and the denominator of which is the conversion rate as so adjusted. The number of additional shares as set forth in the table below will be adjusted in the same manner and at the same time as the conversion rate as set forth under “—Conversion Rate Adjustments.”

The following table sets forth the number of additional shares by which the conversion rate will be increased per $1,000 principal amount of notes:

 

    Stock Price  
Effective Date /
Redemption Notice Date
  $19.75     $21.00     $23.00     $25.68     $29.00     $33.38     $40.00     $55.00     $75.00     $100.00  

February 19, 2019

    11.6845       10.3195       8.5322       6.7068       5.0724       3.6004       2.2378       0.8553       0.2515       0.0221  

February 1, 2020

    11.6845       10.3195       8.5322       6.5802       4.8555       3.3370       1.9775       0.6822       0.1753       0.0122  

February 1, 2021

    11.6845       10.3195       8.3526       6.2531       4.4472       2.9101       1.6023       0.4695       0.0933       0.0020  

February 1, 2022

    11.6845       10.1962       7.8670       5.6106       3.7452       2.2493       1.0888       0.2400       0.0267       0.0000  

February 1, 2023

    11.6845       9.5314       6.8548       4.3863       2.5252       1.2400       0.4490       0.0533       0.0000       0.0000  

February 1, 2024

    11.6845       8.6705       4.5300       0.0000       0.0000       0.0000       0.0000       0.0000       0.0000       0.0000  

The exact stock prices and effective dates or redemption notice dates may not be set forth in the table above, in which case:

 

   

If the stock price is between two stock prices in the table or the effective date or redemption notice date, as the case may be, is between two effective dates or redemption notice dates, as applicable, in the table, the number of additional shares by which the conversion rate will be increased will be determined by a straight-line interpolation between the number of additional shares set forth for the higher and lower stock prices and the earlier and later effective dates or redemption notice dates, as applicable, based on a 365-day year.

 

   

If the stock price is greater than $100.00 per share (subject to adjustment in the same manner as the stock prices set forth in the column headings of the table above), no additional shares will be added to the conversion rate.

 

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If the stock price is less than $19.75 per share (subject to adjustment in the same manner as the stock prices set forth in the column headings of the table above), no additional shares will be added to the conversion rate.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event will the conversion rate per $1,000 principal amount of notes exceed 50.6329 shares of common stock, subject to adjustment in the same manner as the conversion rate as set forth under “—Conversion Rate Adjustments.”

Our obligation to increase the conversion rate for notes converted in connection with a make-whole fundamental change or during a redemption period could be considered a penalty, in which case the enforceability thereof would be subject to general principles of reasonableness and equitable remedies.

Fundamental Change Permits Holders to Require Us to Repurchase Notes

If a “fundamental change” (as defined below in this section) occurs at any time prior to the maturity date, holders have the right, at their option, to require us to repurchase for cash all of their notes, or any portion of the principal amount thereof that is equal to $1,000 or a multiple of $1,000. The fundamental change repurchase date will be a date specified by us that is not less than 20 or more than 35 business days following the date of our fundamental change notice as described below.

The fundamental change repurchase price we are required to pay will be equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date (unless the fundamental change repurchase date falls after a regular record date but on or prior to the interest payment date to which such regular record date relates, in which case we will instead pay, on such interest payment date, the full amount of accrued and unpaid interest to the holder of record as of the close of business on such regular record date, and the fundamental change repurchase price will be equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be repurchased).

A “fundamental change” will be deemed to have occurred at the time after the existing notes were originally issued if any of the following occurs:

(1)    a “person” or “group” within the meaning of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act, other than us, our wholly owned subsidiaries and our and their employee benefit plans, files a Schedule TO or any schedule, form or report under the Exchange Act disclosing that such person or group has become the direct or indirect “beneficial owner,” as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, of our common stock representing more than 50% of the voting power of our common stock;

(2)    the consummation of (A) any recapitalization, reclassification or change of our common stock (other than changes resulting from a subdivision or combination or solely a change in par value) as a result of which our common stock would be converted into, or exchanged for, stock, other securities, other property or assets; (B) any share exchange, consolidation or merger of us pursuant to which our common stock will be converted into cash, securities or other property or assets; or (C) any sale, lease or other transfer in one transaction or a series of related transactions of all or substantially all of the consolidated assets of us and our subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to any person other than one or more of our wholly owned subsidiaries; provided, however, that a transaction described in clause (B) in which the holders of all classes of our common equity immediately prior to such transaction own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of all classes of common equity of the continuing or surviving corporation or transferee or the parent thereof immediately after such transaction in substantially the same proportions (relative to each other) as such ownership immediately prior to such transaction shall not be a fundamental change pursuant to this clause (2);

(3)    our stockholders approve any plan or proposal for the liquidation or dissolution of us; or

 

 

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(4)    our common stock (or other common stock underlying the notes) ceases to be listed or quoted on any of The New York Stock Exchange, The Nasdaq Global Select Market or The Nasdaq Global Market (or any of their respective successors).

A transaction or transactions described in clauses (1) or (2) above will not constitute a fundamental change, however, if at least 90% of the consideration received or to be received by our common stockholders, excluding cash payments for fractional shares and cash payments made in respect of dissenters’ statutory appraisal rights, in connection with such transaction or transactions consists of shares of common stock that are listed or quoted on any of The New York Stock Exchange, The Nasdaq Global Select Market or The Nasdaq Global Market (or any of their respective successors) or will be so listed or quoted when issued or exchanged in connection with such transaction or transactions and as a result of such transaction or transactions the notes become convertible into such consideration, excluding cash payments for fractional shares and cash payments made in respect of dissenters’ statutory appraisal rights (subject to the provisions set forth above under “—Conversion Rights— Settlement upon Conversion”).

If any transaction in which our common stock is replaced by the securities of another entity occurs, following completion of any related make-whole fundamental change period (or, in the case of a transaction that would have been a fundamental change or a make-whole fundamental change but for the immediately preceding paragraph, following the effective date of such transaction), references to us in the definition of “fundamental change” above shall instead be references to such other entity.

For purposes of the definition of “fundamental change” above, any transaction that constitutes a fundamental change pursuant to both clause (1) and clause (2) of such definition (without giving effect to the proviso in clause (2)) shall be deemed a fundamental change solely under clause (2) of such definition (subject to the proviso in clause (2)).

On or before the 20th calendar day after the occurrence of a fundamental change, we will provide to all holders of the notes and the trustee, the conversion agent (if other than the trustee) and paying agent (if other than the trustee) a written notice of the occurrence of the fundamental change and of the resulting repurchase right. Such notice shall state, among other things:

 

   

the events causing the fundamental change;

 

   

the effective date of the fundamental change;

 

   

the last date on which a holder may exercise the repurchase right;

 

   

the fundamental change repurchase price;

 

   

the fundamental change repurchase date;

 

   

the name and address of the paying agent and the conversion agent, if applicable;

 

   

if applicable, the conversion rate and any adjustments to the conversion rate as a result of the fundamental change;

 

   

that the notes with respect to which a fundamental change repurchase notice has been delivered by a holder may be converted only if the holder validly withdraws the fundamental change repurchase notice in accordance with the terms of the indenture; and

 

   

the procedures that holders must follow to require us to repurchase their notes.

To exercise the fundamental change repurchase right, you must deliver, on or before the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the fundamental change repurchase date, the notes to be repurchased, duly endorsed for transfer, together with a written repurchase notice, to the paying agent. Each repurchase notice must state:

 

   

if certificated, the certificate numbers of your notes to be delivered for repurchase;

 

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the portion of the principal amount of notes to be repurchased, which must be $1,000 or a multiple thereof; and

 

   

that the notes are to be repurchased by us pursuant to the applicable provisions of the notes and the indenture.

If the notes are not in certificated form, such repurchase notice must comply with appropriate DTC procedures.

Holders may withdraw any repurchase notice (in whole or in part) by a written notice of withdrawal delivered to the paying agent prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the fundamental change repurchase date. The notice of withdrawal shall state:

 

   

the principal amount of the withdrawn notes, which must be $1,000 or a multiple thereof;

 

   

if certificated notes have been issued, the certificate numbers of the withdrawn notes; and

 

   

the principal amount, if any, which remains subject to the repurchase notice, which must be $1,000 or a multiple thereof.

If the notes are not in certificated form, such notice of withdrawal must comply with appropriate DTC procedures.

We will be required to repurchase notes properly surrendered for repurchase and not validly withdrawn on the fundamental change repurchase date. Holders who have exercised the repurchase right will receive payment of the fundamental change repurchase price on the later of (i) the fundamental change repurchase date and (ii) the time of book-entry transfer or the delivery of the notes. If the paying agent holds money sufficient to pay the fundamental change repurchase price of the notes on the fundamental change repurchase date, then, with respect to the notes that have been properly surrendered for repurchase and have not been validly withdrawn:

 

   

the notes will cease to be outstanding and interest will cease to accrue (whether or not book-entry transfer of the notes is made or whether or not the notes are delivered to the paying agent); and

 

   

all other rights of the holder will terminate (other than the right to receive the fundamental change repurchase price).

In connection with any repurchase offer pursuant to a fundamental change repurchase notice, we will, if required:

 

   

comply with the provisions of any tender offer rules under the Exchange Act that may then be applicable;

 

   

file a Schedule TO or any other required schedule under the Exchange Act; and

 

   

otherwise comply with all federal and state securities laws in connection with any offer by us to repurchase the notes;

in each case, so as to permit the rights and obligations under this “—Fundamental Change Permits Holders to Require Us to Repurchase Notes” to be exercised in the time and in the manner specified in the indenture.

No notes may be repurchased on any date at the option of holders upon a fundamental change if the principal amount of the notes has been accelerated, and such acceleration has not been rescinded, on or prior to such date (except in the case of an acceleration resulting from a default by us in the payment of the fundamental change repurchase price with respect to such notes).

Notwithstanding the foregoing, we will not be required to repurchase, or to make an offer to repurchase, the notes upon a fundamental change if a third party makes such an offer in the same manner, at the same time and

 

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otherwise in compliance with the requirements for an offer made by us as set forth above and such third party purchases all notes properly surrendered and not validly withdrawn under its offer in the same manner, at the same time and otherwise in compliance with the requirements for an offer made by us as set forth above.

In addition, notwithstanding the foregoing, we will not be required to send a notice of the occurrence of a fundamental change described above, or offer to repurchase any notes as described above, in connection with a fundamental change occurring pursuant to clause (2)(A) or (B) (or pursuant to clause (1) that also constitutes a fundamental change occurring pursuant to clause (2)(A) or (B)) of the definition of “fundamental change” set forth above, if

 

   

such fundamental change constitutes an event described under “—Conversion Rights—Recapitalizations, Reclassifications and Changes of Our Common Stock” above whose reference property consists entirely of cash in U.S. dollars;

 

   

immediately after such fundamental change, the notes become convertible into consideration that consists solely of U.S. dollars in an amount per $1,000 principal amount of notes that equals or exceeds the fundamental change repurchase price per $1,000 principal amount of notes (calculated assuming that the same includes accrued interest to, but excluding, the latest possible fundamental change repurchase date for such fundamental change); and

 

   

we timely send the notice relating to such fundamental change described under “—Conversion Rights—Conversion upon Specified Corporate Events —Certain Corporate Events” above.

The repurchase rights of the holders could discourage a potential acquirer of us. The fundamental change repurchase feature, however, is not the result of management’s knowledge of any specific effort to obtain control of us by any means or part of a plan by management to adopt a series of anti-takeover provisions.

The term fundamental change is limited to specified transactions and may not include other events that might adversely affect our financial condition. In addition, the requirement that we offer to repurchase the notes upon a fundamental change may not protect holders in the event of a highly leveraged transaction, reorganization, merger or similar transaction involving us.

Furthermore, holders may not be entitled to require us to repurchase their notes or be entitled to an increase in the conversion rate upon conversion as described under “—Conversion Rights—Increase in Conversion Rate upon Conversion upon a Make-Whole Fundamental Change or during a Redemption Period” in circumstances involving a significant change in the composition of our board unless such change is in connection with a fundamental change or make-whole fundamental change as described herein.

The definition of fundamental change includes a phrase relating to the sale, lease or other transfer of “all or substantially all” of our consolidated assets. There is no precise, established definition of the phrase “substantially all” under applicable law. Accordingly, the ability of a holder of the notes to require us to repurchase its notes as a result of the sale, lease or other transfer of less than all of our assets may be uncertain.

If a fundamental change were to occur, we may not have enough funds to pay the fundamental change repurchase price. Our ability to repurchase the notes for cash may also be limited by restrictions on our ability to obtain funds for such repurchase through dividends from our subsidiaries, the terms of our then existing borrowing arrangements or otherwise. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Notes—We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to settle conversions of the notes in cash or to repurchase the notes upon a fundamental change, and our future debt may contain limitations on our ability to pay cash upon conversion or repurchase of the notes.” If we fail to repurchase the notes when required following a fundamental change, we will be in default under the indenture. In addition, we may in the future incur indebtedness with similar change in control provisions permitting the holders of such indebtedness to accelerate or to require us to repurchase such indebtedness upon the occurrence of similar events or on some specific dates.

 

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Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets

The indenture provides that we shall not consolidate with or merge with or into, or sell, convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of our properties and assets to, another person, unless (i) the resulting, surviving or transferee person (if not us) is a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia, and such corporation (if not us) expressly assumes by supplemental indenture all of our obligations under the notes and the indenture; and (ii) immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no default or event of default has occurred and is continuing under the indenture. Upon any such consolidation, merger or sale, conveyance, transfer or lease, the resulting, surviving or transferee person (if not us) shall succeed to, and may exercise every right and power of, ours under the indenture, and we shall be discharged from our obligations under the notes and the indenture except in the case of any such lease.

However, no such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or lease shall be effective unless the trustee receives an officer’s certificate and an opinion of counsel as conclusive evidence that any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or lease and any such assumption and, if a supplemental indenture is required in connection with such transaction, such supplemental indenture, complies with the provisions of this “—Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets” set forth above.

Although these types of transactions will be permitted under the indenture, certain of the foregoing transactions could constitute a fundamental change permitting each holder to require us to repurchase the notes of such holder as described above.

Events of Default

Each of the following is an event of default with respect to the notes:

 

  (1)

default in any payment of interest on any note when due and payable and the default continues for a period of 30 days;

 

  (2)

default in the payment of principal of any note when due and payable at its stated maturity, upon optional redemption, upon any required repurchase, upon declaration of acceleration or otherwise;

 

  (3)

our failure to comply with our obligation to convert the notes in accordance with the indenture upon exercise of a holder’s conversion right, and such failure continues for a period of three business days;

 

  (4)

our failure to give a fundamental change notice as described under “—Fundamental Change Permits Holders to Require Us to Repurchase Notes,” notice of a make-whole fundamental change as described under “—Conversion Rights—Increase in Conversion Rate upon Conversion upon a Make-Whole Fundamental Change or during a Redemption Period” or notice of a specified corporate transaction as described under “—Conversion Rights—Conversion upon Specified Corporate Events,” in each case when due;

 

  (5)

our failure to comply with our obligations under “—Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets”;

 

  (6)

our failure for 60 days after written notice from the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the notes then outstanding has been received to comply with any of our other agreements contained in the notes or indenture;

 

  (7)

default by us or any of our subsidiaries with respect to any mortgage, agreement or other instrument under which there may be outstanding, or by which there may be secured or evidenced, any indebtedness for money borrowed in excess of $25.0 million (or its foreign currency equivalent) in the aggregate of us and/or any such subsidiary, whether such indebtedness now exists or shall hereafter be created (i) resulting in such indebtedness becoming or being declared due and payable prior to its stated maturity or (ii) constituting a failure to pay the principal of any such indebtedness when due and payable (after the expiration of all applicable grace periods) at its stated maturity, upon required repurchase, upon declaration of acceleration or otherwise and, in the cases of clauses (i) and (ii) such

 

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  acceleration shall not have been rescinded or annulled or such failure to pay or default shall not have been cured or waived, or such indebtedness is not paid or discharged, as the case may be, within 30 days of such acceleration or failure to pay, as applicable; or

 

  (8)

certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency, or reorganization of us or any of our significant subsidiaries, as defined in Article 1, Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X.

If an event of default occurs and is continuing, the trustee by notice to us, or the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding notes by notice to us and the trustee, may, declare 100% of the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all the notes to be due and payable. In case of certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization involving us, 100% of the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest on the notes will automatically become due and payable. Upon such a declaration of acceleration, such principal and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, will be due and payable immediately.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the indenture provides that, to the extent we elect, the sole remedy for an event of default relating to our failure to comply with our obligations as set forth under “—Reports” below, will, for the first 360 days after the occurrence of such an event of default, consist exclusively of the right to receive additional interest on the notes at a rate equal to 0.25% per annum of the principal amount of the notes outstanding for each day during the first 180 days after the occurrence of such an event of default and 0.50% per annum of the principal amount of the notes outstanding from the 181st day until the 360th day following the occurrence of such an event of default during which such event of default is continuing (subject to the third immediately succeeding paragraph, in addition to any additional interest that may accrue with respect to such notes as a result of a registration default as described below under the caption “—Contractual Transfer Restrictions; Additional Interest”).

If we so elect, such additional interest will be payable in the same manner and on the same dates as the stated interest payable on the notes. On the 361st day after such event of default (if the event of default relating to the reporting obligations is not cured or waived prior to such 361st day), the notes will be subject to acceleration as provided above. The provisions of the indenture described in this paragraph will not affect the rights of holders of any notes in the event of the occurrence of any other event of default. In the event we do not elect to pay the additional interest following an event of default in accordance with this paragraph or we elected to make such payment but do not pay the additional interest when due, the notes will be immediately subject to acceleration as provided above.

In order to elect to pay the additional interest as the sole remedy during the first 360 days after the occurrence of an event of default relating to the failure to comply with the reporting obligations in accordance with the two immediately preceding paragraphs, we must notify all holders of notes, the trustee and the paying agent in writing of such election prior to the beginning of such 360-day period. Upon our failure to timely give such written notice, the notes will be immediately subject to acceleration as provided above.

In no event will the additional interest described in the three immediately preceding paragraphs, together with any additional interest that may accrue as a result of our failure to file any document or report that we are required to file with the SEC during the six-month period beginning on, and including, the date that is six months after the last date of original issuance of the existing notes as described under the caption “—Contractual Transfer Restrictions; Additional Interest,” accrue at a rate in excess of 0.50% per annum pursuant to the indenture, regardless of the number of events or circumstances giving rise to the requirement to pay such additional interest.

If any portion of the amount payable on the notes upon acceleration is considered by a court to be unearned interest (through the allocation of the value of the instrument to the embedded warrant or otherwise), the court could disallow recovery of any such portion.

The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding notes may waive all past defaults (except with respect to nonpayment of principal or interest or with respect to the failure to deliver the consideration due

 

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upon conversion) and rescind any such acceleration with respect to the notes and its consequences if (i) rescission would not conflict with any judgment or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction and (ii) all existing events of default, other than the nonpayment of the principal of and interest on the notes that have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived.

Each holder shall have the right to receive payment or delivery, as the case may be, of:

 

   

the principal (including the redemption price and the fundamental change repurchase price, if applicable) of;

 

   

accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on; and

 

   

the consideration due upon conversion of,

its notes, on or after the respective due dates expressed or provided for in the indenture, or to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment or delivery, as the case may be, and such right to receive such payment or delivery, as the case may be, on or after such respective dates shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such holder.

If an event of default occurs and is continuing, the trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers under the indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders unless such holders have offered to the trustee indemnity or security satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense. Except to enforce the right to receive payment of principal or interest when due, or the right to receive payment or delivery of the consideration due upon conversion, no holder may pursue any remedy with respect to the indenture or the notes unless:

 

  (1)

such holder has previously given the trustee written notice that an event of default is continuing;

 

  (2)

holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding notes have requested the trustee to pursue the remedy;

 

  (3)

such holders have offered the trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense;

 

  (4)

the trustee has not complied with such request within 60 days after the receipt of the request and the offer of such security or indemnity; and

 

  (5)

the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding notes have not given the trustee a direction that, in the opinion of the trustee, is inconsistent with such request within such 60-day period.

Subject to certain restrictions, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding notes are given the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee or of exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee.

The indenture provides that in the event an event of default has occurred and is continuing, the trustee is required in the exercise of its powers to use the degree of care that a prudent person would use in the conduct of its own affairs under the same circumstances. The trustee, however, may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with law or the indenture or that the trustee determines is unduly prejudicial to the rights of any other holder or that would involve the trustee in personal liability. Prior to taking any action under the indenture, the trustee is entitled to indemnification satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense caused by taking or not taking such action.

The indenture provides that if a default occurs and is continuing and is actually known to a responsible officer of the trustee, the trustee must deliver to each holder notice of the default within 90 days after it obtains actual knowledge thereof. Except in the case of a default in the payment of principal of or interest on any note or a default in the payment or delivery of the consideration due upon conversion, the trustee may withhold notice if

 

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and so long as the trustee in good faith determines that withholding notice is in the interests of the holders. In addition, we are required to deliver to the trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, a certificate indicating whether the signers thereof know of any default that occurred during the previous year. We are also required to deliver to the trustee, within 30 days after the occurrence thereof, written notice of any events which would constitute a default, its status and what action we are taking or proposing to take in respect thereof.

Payments of the redemption price, the fundamental change repurchase price, principal and interest that are not made when due will accrue interest per annum at the then-applicable interest rate from the required payment date.

Modification, Amendment and Waiver

Subject to certain exceptions, the indenture or the notes may be amended with the consent of the holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the notes then outstanding (including without limitation, consents obtained in connection with a repurchase of, or tender or exchange offer for, notes) and, subject to certain exceptions, any past default or compliance with any provisions may be waived with the consent of the holders of a majority in principal amount of the notes then outstanding (including, without limitation, consents obtained in connection with a repurchase of, or tender or exchange offer for, notes). However, without the consent of each holder of an outstanding note affected, no amendment may, among other things:

 

  (1)

reduce the principal amount of notes whose holders must consent to an amendment;

 

  (2)

reduce the rate of or extend the stated time for payment of interest on any note;

 

  (3)

reduce the principal of or extend the stated maturity of any note;

 

  (4)

make any change that adversely affects the conversion rights of any notes other than as expressly required by the indenture;

 

  (5)

reduce the redemption price, the fundamental change repurchase price of any note or amend or modify in any manner adverse to the holders of notes our obligation to make such payments, whether through an amendment or waiver of provisions in the covenants, definitions or otherwise;

 

  (6)

make any note payable in money, or at a place of payment, other than that stated in the note;

 

  (7)

change the ranking of the notes;

 

  (8)

impair the right of any holder to receive payment of principal and interest on such holder’s notes on or after the due dates therefor or to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on or with respect to such holder’s notes; or

 

  (9)

make any change in the amendment provisions that require each holder’s consent or in the waiver provisions.

Without the consent of any holder, we and the trustee may amend the indenture or the notes to:

 

  (1)

cure any ambiguity, omission, defect or inconsistency;

 

  (2)

provide for the assumption by a successor corporation of our obligations under the indenture;

 

  (3)

add guarantees with respect to the notes;

 

  (4)

secure the notes;

 

  (5)

add to our covenants or events of default for the benefit of the holders or surrender any right or power conferred upon us under the indenture;

 

  (6)

make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any holder;

 

  (7)

increase the conversion rate as provided in the indenture;

 

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  (8)

provide for the acceptance of appointment by a successor trustee or facilitate the administration of the trusts under the indenture by more than one trustee;

 

  (9)

irrevocably elect a settlement method or a specified dollar amount, or eliminate our right to elect a settlement method;

 

  (10)

in connection with any transaction described under “—Conversion Rights—Recapitalizations, Reclassifications and Changes of Our Common Stock” above, provide that the notes are convertible into reference property, subject to the provisions described under “—Conversion Rights—Settlement upon Conversion” above, and make certain related changes to the terms of the notes to the extent expressly required by the indenture;

 

  (11)

conform the provisions of the indenture to the “Description of Notes” section of the preliminary offering memorandum dated February 12, 2019 and the pricing term sheet dated February 13, 2019, relating to the offering and sale of the existing notes;

 

  (12)

comply with the rules of any applicable securities depositary for the notes, including DTC, so long as such amendment does not adversely affect the rights of any holder; or

 

  (13)

comply with any requirement of the SEC in connection with the qualification of the indenture under the Trust Indenture Act.

Holders do not need to approve the particular form of any proposed amendment. It will be sufficient if such holders approve the substance of the proposed amendment. After an amendment under the indenture becomes effective, we are required to deliver to the holders a notice briefly describing such amendment. However, the failure to give such notice to all the holders, or any defect in the notice, will not impair or affect the validity of the amendment.

Discharge

We may satisfy and discharge our obligations under the notes and indenture by delivering to the securities registrar for cancellation all outstanding notes or by depositing with the trustee or delivering to the holders, as applicable, after the notes have become due and payable, whether at maturity, at any redemption date, at any fundamental change repurchase date, upon conversion or otherwise, cash or cash and/or shares of common stock, solely to satisfy outstanding conversions, as applicable, sufficient to pay all of the outstanding notes and paying all other sums payable under the indenture by us. Such discharge is subject to terms contained in the indenture.

Calculations in Respect of the Notes

We are responsible for making all calculations called for under the notes and the indenture. These calculations include, but are not limited to, determinations of the stock price, the last reported sale prices of our common stock, the trading price of the notes (for purposes of determining whether the notes are convertible as described herein) the daily VWAPs, the daily conversion values, the daily settlement amounts accrued interest payable on the notes and the conversion rate of the notes. We will make all these calculations in good faith and, absent manifest error, our calculations will be final and binding on holders of notes. We will provide a schedule of our calculations to each of the trustee and the conversion agent (if other than the trustee), and each of the trustee and the conversion agent (if other than the trustee) is entitled to rely conclusively upon the accuracy of our calculations without independent verification. The trustee will forward our calculations to any holder of notes upon the written request of that holder.

Reports

The indenture provides that any documents or reports that we are required to file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (excluding any such information, documents or reports, or portions

 

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thereof, subject to confidential treatment and any correspondence with the SEC) must be filed by us with the trustee within 15 days after the same are required to be filed with the SEC (giving effect to any grace period provided by Rule 12b-25 or any successor rule under the Exchange Act). Documents or reports filed by us with the SEC via the EDGAR system (or any successor system) will be deemed to be filed with the trustee as of the time such documents or reports are filed via EDGAR (or such successor), it being understood that the trustee shall not be responsible for determining whether such filings have been made. Delivery of reports, information and documents to the trustee under the indenture is for informational purposes only and the information and the trustee’s receipt of the foregoing shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein, or determinable from information contained therein including our compliance with any of its covenants thereunder (as to which the trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on an officer’s certificate).

Rule 144A Information

At any time we are not subject to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, we will, so long as any of the existing notes or any shares of our common stock issuable upon conversion thereof will, at such time, constitute restricted securities within the meaning of Rule 144(a)(3) under the Securities Act, promptly provide, upon written request, to any holder, beneficial owner or prospective purchaser of such notes or any shares of our common stock issuable upon conversion of such notes the information required to be delivered pursuant to Rule 144A(d)(4) under the Securities Act to facilitate the resale of such notes or shares of our common stock pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act.

Trustee

Wilmington Trust, National Association is the trustee, security registrar, paying agent and conversion agent. Wilmington Trust, National Association, in each of its capacities, including without limitation as trustee, security registrar, paying agent and conversion agent, assumes no responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the information concerning us or our affiliates or any other party contained in this document or the related documents or for any failure by us or any other party to disclose events that may have occurred and may affect the significance or accuracy of such information.

Governing Law

The indenture provides that it and the notes, and any claim, controversy or dispute arising under or related to the indenture or the notes, are governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.

Contractual Transfer Restrictions; Additional Interest

Although the new notes are being offered hereby in a registered offering, unless you elect otherwise in accordance with the procedures set forth in “Unrestricted Election,” by purchasing the new notes you are agreeing that the new notes will be restricted notes that are subject to the same transfer restrictions as the existing notes, issued with the same restricted CUSIP and restrictive legends as the existing notes and trade interchangeably with the existing notes. The shares of common stock issued upon conversion of any restricted note, if any, will be subject to the same transfer restrictions as the shares of common stock issued upon conversion of the existing notes, if any. The existing notes were not issued in a registered offering and, as a result, constitute “restricted securities” under Rule 144 under the Securities Act. We do not intend to file a shelf registration statement for the resale of the restricted notes or the common stock, if any, issuable upon conversion of the restricted notes. As a result, you may only resell your restricted notes or shares of common stock issued upon conversion of restricted notes, if any, pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act and other applicable securities laws.

Under Rule 144 under the Securities Act (“Rule 144”) as currently in effect, a person who acquired existing notes from us or our affiliate and who has beneficially owned notes or shares of our common stock issued upon

 

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conversion of the notes for at least one year is entitled to sell such notes or shares of our common stock without registration, but only if such person is not deemed to have been our affiliate at the time of, or at any time during three months immediately preceding, the sale. Furthermore, under Rule 144, a person who acquired existing notes from us or our affiliate and who has beneficially owned notes or shares of our common stock issued upon conversion of the notes for at least six months is entitled to sell such notes or shares of our common stock without registration, so long as (i) such person is not deemed to have been our affiliate at the time of, or at any time during three months immediately preceding, the sale and (ii) we have filed all required reports under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as applicable, during the twelve months preceding such sale (other than current reports on Form 8-K). If we are not current in filing our Exchange Act reports, a person who acquires from our affiliate notes or shares of our common stock issued upon conversion of the notes could be required to hold such notes or shares of our common stock for up to one year following such acquisition. If we are not current in filing our Exchange Act reports, a person who is our affiliate and who owns notes or shares of our common stock issued upon conversion of the notes could be required to hold such notes or shares of our common stock indefinitely.

If, at any time during the six-month period beginning on, and including, the date that is six months after the last date of original issuance of the existing notes, we fail to timely file any document or report that we are required to file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as applicable (after giving effect to all applicable grace periods thereunder and other than reports on Form 8-K), or the notes are not otherwise freely tradable pursuant to Rule 144 by holders other than our affiliates or holders that were our affiliates at any time during the three months immediately preceding (as a result of restrictions pursuant to U.S. securities laws or the terms of the indenture or the notes), we will pay additional interest on the notes. Additional interest will accrue on the notes at the rate of 0.50% per annum of the principal amount of notes outstanding for each day during such period for which our failure to file has occurred and is continuing or the notes are not otherwise freely tradable as described above by holders other than our affiliates (or holders that were our affiliates at any time during the three months immediately preceding).

Further, if, and for so long as, the restrictive legend on the restricted notes has not been removed, the restricted notes are assigned a restricted CUSIP number or the notes are not otherwise freely tradable pursuant to Rule 144 by holders other than our affiliates or holders that were our affiliates at any time during the three months immediately preceding (without restrictions pursuant to U.S. securities laws or the terms of the indenture or the notes) as of the 380th day after the last date of original issuance of the existing notes, we will pay additional interest on the notes at a rate equal to 0.50% per annum of the principal amount of notes outstanding until the restrictive legend has been removed from the restricted notes, the restricted notes are assigned an unrestricted CUSIP number and the notes are freely tradable as described above by holders other than our affiliates (or holders that were our affiliates at any time during the three months immediately preceding).

We cannot assure you that we will be able to remove the restrictive legend from the restricted notes or from any shares of our common stock issued upon conversion of the restricted notes.

Any note or common stock issued upon the conversion or exchange of a note that is repurchased or owned by any affiliate of us may not be resold by such affiliate unless registered under the Securities Act or resold pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act in a transaction that results in such note or common stock, as the case may be, no longer being a restricted security (as defined in Rule 144). We will cause any note that is repurchased or owned by us to be surrendered to the trustee for cancellation as described under “—Purchase and Cancellation” above.

Additional interest pursuant to the foregoing provisions will be payable in arrears on each interest payment date following accrual in the same manner as regular interest on the notes and will be in addition to any additional interest that may accrue at our election as the sole remedy relating to the failure to comply with our reporting obligations as described under “—Events of Default.” However, in no event shall additional interest payable pursuant to the provisions of the third paragraph of this “—Contractual Transfer Restrictions; Additional

 

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Interest” as a result of our failure to file any document or report that we are required to file with the SEC during the six-month period beginning on, and including, the date that is six months after the last date of original issuance of the existing notes accrue, together with any additional interest payable as described under “—Events of Default” above, at a rate in excess of 0.50% per annum, regardless of the number of events or circumstances giving rise to requirements to pay such additional interest pursuant to these provisions or pursuant to “—Events of Default” above.

In the event that holders elect to receive unrestricted notes, those notes will not be subject to the contractual transfer restrictions described above nor will they have the benefit of the additional interest provisions described above.

Book-Entry, Settlement and Clearance

The Global Notes

The new notes will be initially issued in the form of one or more registered notes in global form, without interest coupons (the “global notes”). Upon issuance, each of the new global notes will be deposited with the trustee as custodian for DTC and registered in the name of Cede & Co., as nominee of DTC.

Ownership of beneficial interests in a global note will be limited to persons who have accounts with DTC (“DTC participants”) or persons who hold interests through DTC participants. We expect that under procedures established by DTC:

 

   

upon deposit of a global note with DTC’s custodian, DTC will credit portions of the principal amount of the global note to the accounts of the DTC participants designated by the underwriter; and

 

   

ownership of beneficial interests in a global note will be shown on, and transfer of ownership of those interests will be effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to interests of DTC participants) and the records of DTC participants (with respect to other owners of beneficial interests in the global note).

Beneficial interests in global notes may not be exchanged for notes in physical, certificated form except in the limited circumstances described below.

The global notes and beneficial interests in the global notes will be subject to restrictions on transfer as described under “Notice to Investors” and “Contractual Transfer Restrictions; Additional Interest.”

Book-Entry Procedures for the Global Notes

All interests in the global notes will be subject to the operations and procedures of DTC and, therefore, you must allow for sufficient time in order to comply with these procedures if you wish to exercise any of your rights with respect to the notes. We provide the following summary of those operations and procedures solely for the convenience of investors. The operations and procedures of DTC are controlled by that settlement system and may be changed at any time. None of the trustee, the conversion agent (if other than the trustee), the paying agent, 8x8, Inc. or the underwriter will be responsible for those operations or procedures.

DTC has advised us that it is:

 

   

a limited purpose trust company organized under the laws of the State of New York;

 

   

a “banking organization” within the meaning of the New York State Banking Law;

 

   

a member of the Federal Reserve System;

 

   

a “clearing corporation” within the meaning of the Uniform Commercial Code; and

 

   

a “clearing agency” registered under Section 17A of the Exchange Act.

 

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DTC was created to hold securities for its participants and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions between its participants through electronic book-entry changes to the accounts of its participants. DTC’s participants include securities brokers and dealers, including the underwriter; banks and trust companies; clearing corporations and other organizations. Indirect access to DTC’s system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies; these indirect participants clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC participant, either directly or indirectly. Investors who are not DTC participants may beneficially own securities held by or on behalf of DTC only through DTC participants or indirect participants in DTC.

So long as DTC’s nominee is the registered owner of a global note, that nominee will be considered the sole owner or holder of the notes represented by that global note for all purposes under the indenture. Except as provided below, owners of beneficial interests in a global note:

 

   

will not be entitled to have notes represented by the global note registered in their names;

 

   

will not receive or be entitled to receive physical, certificated notes; and

 

   

will not be considered the owners or holders of the notes under the indenture for any purpose, including with respect to the giving of any direction, instruction or approval to the trustee under the indenture.

As a result, each investor who owns a beneficial interest in a global note must rely on the procedures of DTC to exercise any rights of a holder of notes under the indenture (and, if the investor is not a participant or an indirect participant in DTC, on the procedures of the DTC participant through which the investor owns its interest). None of 8x8, Inc., the underwriter, the trustee, the paying agent or the conversion agent (if other than the trustee) has any responsibility of liability for any act or omission of DTC.

Payments of principal and interest with respect to the notes represented by a global note will be made by the trustee to DTC’s nominee as the registered holder of the global note. None of 8x8, Inc., the underwriter, the paying agent, the conversion agent (if other than the trustee) or the trustee will have any responsibility or liability for the payment of amounts to owners of beneficial interests in a global note, for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of those interests by DTC, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records of DTC relating to those interests.

Payments by participants and indirect participants in DTC to the owners of beneficial interests in a global note will be governed by standing instructions and customary industry practice and will be the responsibility of those participants or indirect participants and DTC.

Transfers between participants in DTC will be effected under DTC’s procedures and will be settled in same-day funds.

Certificated Notes

Notes in physical, certificated form will be issued and delivered to each person that DTC identifies as a beneficial owner of the related notes only if:

 

   

DTC notifies us at any time that it is unwilling or unable to continue as depositary for the global notes and a successor depositary is not appointed within 90 days;

 

   

DTC ceases to be registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act and a successor depositary is not appointed within 90 days; or

 

   

an event of default with respect to the notes has occurred and is continuing and such beneficial owner requests in writing that its notes be issued in physical, certificated form.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF CAPPED CALL TRANSACTION

In connection with the pricing of the new notes, we expect to enter into a capped call transaction with the underwriter or affiliates thereof (the “option counterparty”). The capped call transaction will cover, subject to customary over the counter anti-dilution adjustments, the number of shares of our common stock underlying the new notes.

We intend to use approximately $9.25 million of the net proceeds from this offering to pay the cost of the capped call transaction.

The capped call transaction is expected generally to reduce the potential dilution upon conversion of the notes at maturity and/or offset cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted notes, as the case may be, in the event that the market price per share of our common stock, as measured under the terms of the capped call transaction, is greater than the strike price of the capped call transaction, which initially corresponds to the conversion price of the notes and is subject to customary over the counter anti-dilution adjustments. If, however, the market price per share of our common stock, as measured under the terms of the capped call transaction, exceeds the cap price of the capped call transaction, there would nevertheless be dilution and/or there would not be an offset of such potential cash payments, in each case, to the extent that such market price exceeds the cap price of the capped call transaction.

We will not be required to make any cash payments to the option counterparty or its affiliates upon the exercise of the options that are a part of the capped call transaction, but we will be entitled to receive from them a number of shares of our common stock or an amount of cash generally based on the amount by which the market price per share of our common stock, as measured under the terms of the capped call transaction, is greater than the strike price of the capped call transaction during the relevant valuation period under the capped call transaction. However, if the market price per share of our common stock, as measured under the terms of the capped call transaction, exceeds the cap price of the capped call transaction during such valuation period, the number of shares of our common stock or the amount of cash we expect to receive upon exercise of the capped call transaction will be capped based on the amount by which the cap price exceeds the strike price of the capped call transaction.

The capped call transaction is a separate transaction to be entered into by us with the option counterparty, is not part of the terms of the notes and will not change the holders’ rights under the notes. As a holder of the notes, you will not have any rights with respect to the capped call transaction.

For a discussion of the potential impact of any market or other activity by the option counterparty or its affiliates in connection with the capped call transaction, see “Underwriting—Capped Call Transaction” and “Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Notes—The capped call transaction may affect the value of the notes and our common stock.”

 

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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

General

The following description of our capital stock and provisions of our certificate of incorporation and by-laws is a summary only and not a complete description.

Our authorized capital stock consists of 200,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share.

Common Stock

As of September 30, 2019, 100,914,623 shares of our common stock were outstanding. Each holder of our common stock is entitled to:

 

   

one vote per share on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders;

 

   

dividends as may be declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available for that purpose, subject to the rights of any preferred stock that may be outstanding; and

 

   

his, her or its pro rata share in any distribution of our assets after payment or providing for the payment of liabilities and the liquidation preference of any outstanding preferred stock in the event of liquidation.

Holders of common stock have no cumulative voting rights, redemption rights or preemptive rights to purchase or subscribe for any shares of our common stock or other securities. All of the outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and nonassessable. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of our common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of preferred stock that we may designate and issue in the future.

Preferred Stock

Our board of directors has the authority, subject to any limitations prescribed by Delaware law, to issue shares of preferred stock in one or more series and to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of the shares constituting any series to be established, without any further vote or action by the stockholders. Any shares of our preferred stock so issued may have priority over our common stock with respect to dividend, liquidation, redemption, voting and other rights.

Our board of directors may authorize the issuance of preferred stock with voting or conversion rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of our common stock. Although the issuance of preferred stock could provide us with flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, under some circumstances, it could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control.

Anti-Takeover Effects of Delaware Law and Our Restated Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws

Certain provisions of our charter documents and Delaware law could have an anti-takeover effect and could delay, discourage or prevent a tender offer or takeover attempt that a stockholder might consider to be in its best interests, including attempts that might otherwise result in a premium being paid over the market price of our common stock.

 

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Charter and By-laws

Our restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws contain provisions that could have the effect of delaying or preventing changes in control or changes in our management without the consent of our board of directors, including, among other things:

 

   

no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates;

 

   

the ability of our board of directors to issue shares of preferred stock and to determine the price and other terms of those shares, including preferences and voting rights, without stockholder approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquirer;

 

   

the exclusive right of our board of directors to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of our board of directors or the resignation, death or removal of a director, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on our board of directors;

 

   

a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent, which forces stockholder action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders;

 

   

the requirement that a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by a majority vote of our board of directors or by stockholders holding shares of our common stock representing in the aggregate a majority of votes then outstanding, which could delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors;

 

   

the ability of our board of directors, by majority vote, to amend our by-laws, which may allow our board of directors to take additional actions to prevent a hostile acquisition and inhibit the ability of an acquirer to amend our by-laws to facilitate a hostile acquisition; and

 

   

advance notice procedures with which stockholders must comply to nominate candidates to our board of directors or to propose matters to be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us.

Delaware Anti-Takeover Statute

We are also subject to certain anti-takeover provisions under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, or the DGCL. Under Section 203 of the DGCL, a corporation may not, in general, engage in a business combination with any holder of 15% or more of its capital stock unless the holder has held the stock for three years or (i) our board of directors approves the transaction prior to the stockholder acquiring the 15% ownership position, (ii) upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder acquiring the 15% ownership position, the stockholder owns at least 85% of the outstanding voting stock (excluding shares owned by directors or officers and shares owned by certain employee stock plans) or (iii) the transaction is approved by the board of directors and by the stockholders at an annual or special meeting by a vote of 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock (excluding shares held or controlled by the interested stockholder). These provisions in our restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated by-laws and under Delaware law could discourage potential takeover attempts.

In general, Section 203 defines an interested stockholder as any entity or person beneficially owning 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation and any entity or person affiliated with or controlling or controlled by any such entity or person.

A Delaware corporation may opt out of this provision by express provision in its original certificate of incorporation or by amendment to its certificate of incorporation or by-laws approved by its stockholders. We have not opted out of Section 203. The statute could prohibit or delay mergers or other takeover or change in control attempts and, accordingly, may discourage attempts to acquire us.

 

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Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Computershare, and their address is 250 Royall Street, Canton, MA 02021.

Listing

Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “EGHT.”

 

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U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

The following discussion is a summary of U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to the ownership and disposition of the new notes and the common stock into which the new notes may be converted for U.S. holders (as defined below) and non-U.S. holders (as defined below). The summary is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), U.S. Treasury Regulations, judicial decisions, published positions of the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and other applicable authorities, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change or differing interpretations (possibly with retroactive effect). The discussion does not address all of the tax consequences that may be relevant to a particular person, to persons subject to special treatment under U.S. federal income tax laws (such as banks or other financial institutions, brokers or dealers in securities or currencies, traders in securities that elect to use the mark-to-market method of accounting, persons required under Section 451(b) of the Code to conform the timing of income accruals with respect to the new notes to their financial statements, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, insurance companies, certain retirement or other tax-deferred accounts, expatriates, tax-exempt entities, governmental organizations, U.S. holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, or persons that are, or hold their new notes or common stock through, partnerships, including an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, or other pass-through entities) or to persons that hold the new notes or common stock as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion, synthetic security or constructive sale transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes, all of whom may be subject to tax rules that would differ from those summarized below. Moreover, this discussion does not address any U.S. federal tax consequences (such as estate, gift, Medicare, alternative minimum tax or other non-income tax consequences) other than income tax consequences or any state, local or non-U.S. tax consequences. This summary deals only with persons who hold the new notes and common stock as “capital assets” within the meaning of the Code (generally, property held for investment) and who purchased a new note on original issuance at its “issue price,” which we assume will be the price indicated on the cover of this prospectus. No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary to any of those set forth below.

Each prospective investor of the new notes or common stock should consult their tax advisors as to the particular U.S. federal income tax considerations to them of owning and disposing of the new notes or common stock, as well as the effects of other U.S. federal tax laws or state, local and non-U.S. tax laws.

For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. holder” means a beneficial owner (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes) of the new notes or the common stock that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes is, or is treated as, a citizen or individual resident of the United States, a corporation (including any entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia, an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source, or a trust if (i) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (ii) the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations to be treated as a U.S. person. A “non-U.S. holder” means any beneficial owner of a new note or common stock (other than a partnership, including an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) that is not a U.S. holder.

If any entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes is a holder of a new note or common stock, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners and partnerships should consult their tax advisors as to the particular U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable to them.

Qualified Reopening and Fungibility

For those purchasers of the notes offered hereby who do not make an Unrestricted Election, we intend to treat such restricted new notes as having been issued in a “qualified reopening” for U.S. federal income tax

 

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purposes and thus will treat the restricted new notes as part of the same issue as the existing notes. For purchasers of the notes offered hereby who make an Unrestricted Election, such unrestricted notes are anticipated to become fungible with the restricted notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes once the restricted notes are not subject to transfer restrictions and are assigned an unrestricted CUSIP number, as described under “Description of Notes—Contractual Transfer Restrictions; Additional Interest” and “Notice to Investors.” Based on this treatment, all of the notes are deemed to have the same issue date, the same issue price, and (with respect to holders) the same adjusted issue price as the existing notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, the new notes will be treated as not having original issue discount (“OID”) as is the case with the existing notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Our intended treatment of the new notes is subject to uncertainty, and there can be no assurance that this treatment would not be successfully challenged by the IRS. If the issuance of the new notes fails to qualify as a qualified reopening and the new notes are not otherwise treated as fungible with the existing notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an acquisition of new notes pursuant to the offering could differ materially from those described herein, including under the OID and market discount rules of the Code. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax treatment of the new notes and the potential consequences in the event the issuance of the new notes fails to qualify as a qualified reopening and the new notes are not otherwise treated as fungible with the existing notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The remainder of this summary assumes that the restricted new notes will be treated as having been issued in a qualified reopening and that the unrestricted notes will become fungible with the restricted notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes once the restricted notes are not subject to transfer restrictions and are assigned an unrestricted CUSIP number, as described under “Description of Notes—Contractual Transfer Restrictions; Additional Interest” and “Notice to Investors.”

U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for U.S. Holders

Interest on the New Notes

A U.S. holder will generally be required to recognize stated interest as ordinary income at the time it is paid or accrued on the new notes in accordance with its regular method of accounting for U.S. federal income tax purposes. It is expected, and the remainder of this discussion assumes, that the new notes will not be issued with original issue discount for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Pre-Issuance Accrued Interest

A portion of the price paid for the new notes will be allocable to interest that accrued prior to the date the new notes are purchased (the “pre-issuance accrued interest”). We intend to take the position that a portion of the interest received on the first interest payment date equal to the pre-issuance accrued interest should be treated as a return of the pre-issuance accrued interest and not as a payment of interest on the new note. Amounts treated as a return of pre-issuance accrued interest should not be taxable when received and should be excluded from the holder’s adjusted tax basis in the applicable new note.

Amortizable Bond Premium

If a U.S. holder has bond premium (i.e., if such holder’s adjusted tax basis (reduced by an amount equal to the value of the conversion option) is higher than the principal amount of such holder’s new notes immediately after the acquisition), such holder may be able to amortize such premium over the term of the new note as an offset against interest income, subject to certain limitations. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors as to the applicability of the amortizable bond premium rules to their purchase of the new notes.

Sale, Exchange, Redemption or Other Taxable Disposition of the New Notes

Except as described below under “U.S. Holders—Conversion of the New Notes,” upon the sale, exchange, redemption or other taxable disposition of a new note, a U.S. holder will generally recognize capital gain or loss

 

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in an amount equal to the difference between (i) the sum of cash plus the fair market value of all other property received on such disposition (except to the extent such cash or property is attributable to (a) pre-issuance accrued interest or (b) accrued but unpaid interest, which, to the extent not previously included in income, will generally be taxable as ordinary income) and (ii) its adjusted tax basis in the new note. Such capital gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if, at the time of such disposition, the U.S. holder has held the new note for more than one year. Long-term capital gains recognized by certain non-corporate U.S. holders (including individuals) generally will be subject to reduced rates of U.S. federal income tax. A U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in a new note will generally equal the amount the U.S. holder pays for the new note excluding any amount attributable to pre-issuance accrued interest and reduced (but not below zero) by any amortizable bond premium previously amortized. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.

Conversion of the New Notes

If a U.S. holder presents a new note for conversion, such U.S. holder may receive solely cash, solely common stock, or a combination of cash and common stock in exchange for the new note depending upon our chosen settlement method.

A conversion of a new note in exchange solely for cash will be treated as a taxable sale or exchange of the new note, as described above under “U.S. Holders—Sale, Exchange, Redemption or Other Taxable Disposition of the New Notes.”

Upon the conversion of a new note solely into our common stock, a U.S. holder will generally not recognize gain or loss on the conversion, except with respect to cash received in lieu of a fractional share (as described below) and amounts attributable to accrued interest which, if not previously included in income, will be taxable as such. A U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in our common stock received upon conversion of the new notes will equal its tax basis in the corresponding new note (reduced by any basis allocable to a fractional share), except that the tax basis of shares of common stock that are attributable to accrued but unpaid interest will equal the fair market value of such stock. A U.S. holder’s holding period for our common stock received will generally include the holding period for the corresponding new note surrendered in the conversion, except that the holding period of common stock received with respect to accrued interest will commence on the day after the date of receipt.

The tax treatment of a conversion of a new note into a mix of cash and common stock is uncertain and will generally depend on whether the new notes constitute “securities” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The term “security” is not defined in the Code or in the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder and has not been clearly defined by judicial decisions. The determination of whether a particular debt obligation constitutes a security depends on an overall evaluation of the nature of the debt, including whether the holder of such debt obligation is subject to a material level of entrepreneurial risk and whether a continuing proprietary interest is intended. One of the most significant factors considered in determining whether a particular debt obligation is a security is its original term. In general, debt obligations issued with a weighted average maturity at issuance of less than five years do not constitute securities, whereas debt obligations with a weighted average maturity at issuance of ten years or more constitute securities. However, the convertibility of a debt instrument into stock of the issuer may argue in favor of “security” treatment because of the possible equity participation in the issuer. U.S. holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the appropriate status of the new notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

We intend to take the position that the new notes are securities for U.S. federal income tax purposes and that the conversion of a new note will be treated as a “recapitalization” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Under this characterization, a U.S. holder would recognize gain equal to the lesser of (i) the excess of the fair market value of the common stock (including any fractional share) and cash received (excluding any amounts received that are attributable to accrued but unpaid interest, which, to the extent not previously included in income, would be taxable as such, and excluding any cash in lieu of a fractional share) over such U.S. holder’s tax basis in the new note, and (ii) the amount of cash received (less any cash attributable to accrued interest and any cash

 

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attributable to a fractional share). A U.S. holder would not be able to recognize any loss realized in the conversion (except with respect to cash received in lieu of a fractional share). A U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in the common stock received in the recapitalization (excluding any common stock attributable to accrued but unpaid interest, the tax basis of which would equal the fair market value of such stock) would equal the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the corresponding new note (reduced by any basis allocable to a fractional share), less the amount of cash received (excluding cash attributable to accrued but unpaid interest and any cash received in lieu of a fractional share), plus the amount of any taxable gain recognized on the conversion (other than with respect to a fractional share). A U.S. holder’s holding period for the common stock received would include the holding period for the corresponding new note surrendered in the conversion, except that the holding period of any common stock received with respect to accrued but unpaid interest would commence on the day after the date of receipt.

Alternatively, if the receipt of cash and common stock upon conversion of the new notes is not treated as a recapitalization, the cash payment would generally be treated as the proceeds from the redemption of a portion of the new notes and taxed as described above under “U.S. Holders—Sale, Exchange, Redemption or Other Taxable Disposition of the New Notes,” and the common stock received would be treated as received upon a conversion of the new notes, which generally would not be taxable except to the extent of any common stock received with respect to accrued but unpaid interest. In such case, a U.S. holder’s basis in the common stock received would equal a proportionate part (based on the relative fair market values of the common stock and the amount of cash received in the conversion) of the basis of the corresponding new note surrendered in the conversion, and the holding period of the common stock received would include the period during which such holder held such new note, except that the holding period of any common stock received with respect to accrued but unpaid interest would commence on the day after the date of receipt.

Cash received in lieu of a fractional share upon conversion of the new notes will generally be treated as a payment in exchange for the fractional share. Accordingly, the receipt of cash in lieu of a fractional share will generally result in the recognition of capital gain or loss measured by the difference between the cash received for the fractional share and the portion of the U.S. holder’s tax basis allocable to the fractional share. Any gain or loss recognized upon conversion of a new note (whether with respect to a fractional share or otherwise) will generally be treated in the same manner as described above under “U.S. Holders—Sale, Exchange, Redemption or Other Taxable Disposition of the New Notes.” A U.S. holder’s tax basis in a fractional share will be determined by allocating its tax basis in the common stock received (including the fractional share deemed received) between the common stock actually received upon conversion and the fractional share, in accordance with their respective fair market values.

Constructive Distributions

As described in “Description of Notes—Conversion Rights—Conversion Rate Adjustments,” the conversion rate of the new notes is subject to adjustment in certain circumstances. An adjustment (or the failure to make an adjustment) that has the effect of increasing a U.S. holder’s proportionate interest in our assets or earnings may in some circumstances result in a deemed distribution to such U.S. holder for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Adjustments to the conversion rate made pursuant to a bona fide reasonable adjustment formula that has the effect of preventing the dilution of the interest of the U.S. holders of the new notes, however, will generally not be deemed to result in such a distribution.

Certain of the possible conversion rate adjustments provided in the new notes may not qualify as being pursuant to such a bona fide reasonable adjustment formula. If such adjustments occur, a U.S. holder will be deemed to have received a distribution even though it has not received any cash or property as a result of such adjustments. Any deemed distributions will be taxable as a dividend, return of capital, or capital gain, as described in “U.S. Holders—Distributions on Common Stock Received Upon Conversion” below. However, it is not clear whether a constructive dividend deemed paid to a non-corporate U.S. holder would be eligible for the preferential rates of U.S. federal income tax applicable in respect of certain dividends received. It is also unclear

 

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whether corporate holders would be entitled to claim the dividends received deduction with respect to any such constructive dividends. Generally, a U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in a new note will be increased to the extent any such constructive distribution is treated as a dividend. U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors on the impact a constructive distribution may have on their holding period in the new notes.

We are currently required to report the amount of any deemed distributions on our website or to the IRS and to holders of new notes not exempt from reporting. Treasury Regulations proposed in 2016 address the amount and timing of deemed distributions, as well as obligations of withholding agents and filing and notice obligations of issuers in respect of such deemed distributions. These proposed regulations generally provide that (i) the amount of a deemed distribution is the excess of the fair market value of the right to acquire stock over the fair market value immediately after the conversion rate adjustment of such right without the adjustment and (ii) the deemed distribution occurs at the earlier of the date the adjustment occurs under the terms of the new note and the date of the actual distribution of cash or property that results in the deemed distribution. The proposed regulations would be effective for deemed distributions occurring on or after the date of their adoption as final regulations, but holders of new notes and withholding agents may rely on them prior to that date under certain circumstances.

Distributions on Common Stock Received Upon Conversion

Distributions, if any, made on our common stock to a U.S. holder will generally be included in a U.S. holder’s income as ordinary dividend income to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. However, with respect to dividends received by individuals, such dividends are generally taxed at the lower applicable long-term capital gains rates, provided certain holding period requirements are satisfied. Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of a U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock and thereafter as capital gain from the sale or exchange of such common stock. Dividends received by a corporation may be eligible for a dividends received deduction, subject to applicable limitations.

Sale, Exchange, Redemption or Other Taxable Disposition of Common Stock Received Upon Conversion

Upon the sale, exchange, redemption or other taxable disposition of our common stock, a U.S. holder will generally recognize capital gain or loss equal to the difference between (i) the amount of cash and the fair market value of all other property received upon such disposition and (ii) the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock. Such capital gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if a U.S. holder’s holding period in the common stock is more than one year at the time of the taxable disposition. Long-term capital gains recognized by certain non-corporate U.S. holders (including individuals) will generally be subject to reduced rates of U.S. federal income tax. A U.S. holder’s ability to deduct capital losses may be limited.

U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for Non-U.S. Holders

Interest on the New Notes

A non-U.S. holder will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income tax or withholding tax on interest paid or accrued on a new note if: (i) the interest is not effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, in the case of certain applicable tax treaties, is not attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base within the United States); and (ii) the non-U.S. holder satisfies the following requirements:

 

  (1)

it does not actually or constructively, directly or indirectly, own 10% or more of our voting stock;

 

  (2)

it is not a controlled foreign corporation that is related to us (directly or indirectly) through stock ownership; and

 

  (3)

it certifies to its non-U.S. status and that no withholding is required under FATCA (see discussion below) on an applicable IRS Form W-8.

 

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Alternatively, a non-U.S. holder that cannot satisfy the above requirements will generally be exempt from U.S. federal withholding tax with respect to interest if the holder establishes that such interest is effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, in the case of certain applicable tax treaties, is attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed based within the United States) (generally, by providing an IRS Form W-8ECI). However, to the extent that such interest is effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, in the case of certain applicable tax treaties, is attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base within the United States), the non-U.S. holder will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis in the same manner as a U.S. holder and, if it is a foreign corporation, may be subject to an additional U.S. branch profits tax at a 30% rate (or lower applicable treaty rate).

If a non-U.S. holder does not satisfy the requirements described above, and does not establish that the interest is effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, in the case of certain applicable tax treaties, is attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base within the United States), the non-U.S. holder will generally be subject to U.S. withholding tax on payments of interest, currently imposed at 30%. Under certain income tax treaties, the U.S. withholding rate on payments of interest may be reduced or eliminated, provided the non-U.S. holder complies with the applicable certification requirements (generally, by providing a properly completed applicable IRS Form W-8).

Non-U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the possibility of claiming a refund with respect to any withholding imposed on the portion of the first interest payment allocable to pre-issuance accrued interest.

Sale, Exchange, Redemption or Other Taxable Disposition of the New Notes or Common Stock

A non-U.S. holder will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation with respect to gain realized on the sale, exchange, redemption (in the case of common stock, a redemption treated as a sale or exchange rather than a distribution taxable as a dividend) or other taxable disposition of a new note (other than with respect to payments attributable to accrued but unpaid interest, which will be taxed as described above under “Non-U.S. Holders—Interest on the New Notes”) or common stock, unless:

 

  (1)

the non-U.S. holder holds the new note or common stock in connection with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, in the case of certain applicable tax treaties, the gain is attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base within the United States);

 

  (2)

in the case of an individual, such individual is present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year in which gain is realized and certain other conditions are met; or

 

  (3)

we are or have been a U.S. real property holding corporation, as defined in the Code, at any time within the five-year period preceding the disposition or the non-U.S. holder’s holding period, whichever period is shorter.

We believe that we are not, and we do not anticipate becoming, a U.S. real property holding corporation.

If the first exception above applies, the non-U.S. holder will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis in the same manner as a U.S. holder and, if it is a foreign corporation, may be subject to an additional U.S. branch profits tax at a 30% rate (or lower applicable treaty rate). If the second exception above applies, the non-U.S. holder will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30% (or at a reduced rate under an applicable income tax treaty).

Conversion of the New Notes

To the extent a non-U.S. Holder recognizes any gain as a result of a conversion of new notes (in accordance with the discussion of conversions under “U.S. Holders—Conversion of the New Notes”), including upon the

 

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receipt of cash in lieu of fractional shares upon conversion, such gain will generally be subject to the U.S. federal income tax rules described above under “Non-U.S. Holders—Sale, Exchange, Redemption or Other Taxable Disposition of the New Notes.” Any cash and the value of any portion of our common stock that is attributable to accrued interest on the new notes not previously recognized in income would be taxed as ordinary interest income and potentially subject to withholding tax as discussed above under “Non-U.S. Holders—Interest on the New Notes.”

Actual or Constructive Dividends

In general, any distribution treated as a dividend received by a non-U.S. holder with respect to our common stock, as described above under “U.S. Holders—Distributions on Common Stock Received Upon Conversion,” or any deemed distribution received by a non-U.S. holder with respect to the new notes resulting from certain adjustments (or the failure to make certain adjustments) to the conversion rate of the new notes, as described above under “U.S. Holders—Constructive Distributions,” will be subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax at a 30% rate (or lower applicable treaty rate), unless the deemed distribution is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the non-U.S. holder (and, in the case of certain applicable tax treaties, is attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base within the United States) and the non-U.S. holder satisfies applicable certification requirements (generally on IRS Form W-8ECI), in which case the deemed distributions will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis at the rates applicable to U.S. persons generally. Because a dividend deemed received by a non-U.S. holder would not give rise to any cash from which any applicable withholding tax could be satisfied, if we pay withholding taxes on a non-U.S. holder’s behalf as a result of an adjustment to the conversion rate of the new notes, we may, at our option, set off such payments against payments of cash and common stock, if any, payable on the new notes (or, in some circumstances, from any payments on our common stock) or sales proceeds, if any, payable on the notes (or, in some circumstances, from any payments on our common stock) or sales proceeds received by or other funds or assets of such non-U.S. holder. Non-U.S. holders are urged to consult their tax advisors with respect to the U.S. federal income tax consequences resulting from an adjustment to the conversion rate of the new notes.

FATCA

Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act and the regulations and administrative guidance promulgated thereunder (“FATCA”), withholding at a rate of 30% will generally be required in certain circumstances on interest payments and dividends (including deemed dividends) in respect of new notes or common stock held by or through certain foreign financial institutions (including investment funds), unless such institution otherwise qualifies for an exemption or (i) enters into, and complies with, an agreement with the IRS to report, on an annual basis, information with respect to interests in, and accounts maintained by, the institution that are owned by certain U.S. persons and by certain non-U.S. entities that are wholly or partially owned by U.S. persons and to withhold on certain payments, or (ii) if required under an intergovernmental agreement between the U.S. and an applicable foreign country, reports such information to its local tax authority, which will exchange such information with the U.S. authorities. An intergovernmental agreement between the United States and an applicable foreign country, or other guidance, may modify these requirements. Similarly, in certain circumstances, interest payments in respect of new notes held by an investor that is a non-financial non-U.S. entity that do not qualify under certain exemptions will generally be subject to withholding at a rate of 30%, unless such entity either (i) certifies that such entity does not have any “substantial United States owners” or (ii) provides certain information regarding the entity’s “substantial United States owners,” which we will in turn provide to the IRS. Accordingly, the entity through which the new notes are held will affect the determination of whether withholding under the rules described in this paragraph is required. We will not pay any additional amounts to non-U.S. holders in respect of any amounts withheld.

Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the possible implications of these rules on their investment in the new notes and common stock.

 

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NOTICE TO INVESTORS

Although the new notes are being offered hereby in a registered offering, unless you elect otherwise in accordance with the procedures set forth in “Unrestricted Election,” by purchasing the new notes you are agreeing that the new notes will be restricted notes that are subject to the same transfer restrictions as the existing notes, issued with the same restricted CUSIP and restrictive legends as the existing notes and trade interchangeably with the existing notes. The shares of common stock issued upon conversion of restricted notes, if any, will be subject to the same transfer restrictions as the shares of common stock issued upon conversion of existing notes, if any. The existing notes were not issued in a registered offering and, as a result, constitute “restricted securities” under Rule 144 under the Securities Act. As a result, unless you elect otherwise in accordance with the procedures set forth in “Unrestricted Election,” you may only resell your restricted notes or shares of common stock issued upon conversion of the notes, if any, pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act and other applicable securities laws as if they were “restricted securities” under Rule 144 under the Securities Act.

By purchasing new notes, unless you elect otherwise in accordance with the procedures set forth in “Unrestricted Election,” you will be deemed to have made the acknowledgments, representations, warranties and agreements described in this section and under the heading “Contractual Transfer Restrictions” in this prospectus.

This prospectus summarizes and incorporates certain documents and other information, and we refer you to them for a more complete understanding of what we discuss in this prospectus.

We are not making any representation to any purchaser of the notes regarding the legality of an investment in the notes by such purchaser under any legal investment or similar laws or regulations. You should not consider any information in this prospectus to be legal, business or tax advice. You should consult your own attorney, business advisor or tax advisor for legal, business and tax advice regarding an investment in the notes.

Neither the SEC nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

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CONTRACTUAL TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS

Although the new notes are being offered hereby in a registered offering, unless you elect otherwise in accordance with the procedures set forth in “Unrestricted Election,” by purchasing the new notes you are agreeing that the new notes will be restricted notes that are subject to the same transfer restrictions as the existing notes, issued with the same restricted CUSIP and restrictive legends as the existing notes and trade interchangeably with the existing notes. The shares of common stock issued upon conversion of restricted notes, if any, will be subject to the same transfer restrictions as the shares of common stock issued upon conversion of existing notes, if any. The existing notes were not issued in a registered offering and, as a result, constitute “restricted securities” under Rule 144 under the Securities Act. As a result, unless you elect otherwise in accordance with the procedures set forth in “Unrestricted Election,” the restricted notes may not be offered or sold within the United States or to, or for the account or benefit of, U.S. persons, except pursuant to an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the registration requirements of the Securities Act. Accordingly, the underwriter will initially sell the notes only to “qualified institutional buyers” (as defined under Rule 144A under the Securities Act).

As a purchaser of restricted notes who has not made the election set forth in “Unrestricted Election,” you will be deemed to have acknowledged, represented to and agreed with us and the underwriter as follows:

 

   

You are purchasing the restricted notes for your own account or for an account with respect to which you exercise sole investment discretion and you and such account are a qualified institutional buyer.

 

   

You acknowledge that the restricted notes and the common stock, if any, that may be issued upon conversion thereof are subject to contractual transfer restrictions as if they have not been (and will not be) registered under the Securities Act, but as if they had been issued on the last original issuance date of the existing notes and may not be offered or sold within the United States or to, or for the account or benefit of, U.S. persons except as set forth below.

 

   

You will not resell or otherwise transfer any of the restricted notes or the common stock, if any, issuable upon conversion thereof prior to the date (the “resale restriction termination date”) that is the later of (i) the date that is one year after the last date of original issuance of the existing notes or such shorter period of time as permitted by Rule 144 or any successor provision thereto with respect to the existing notes and (ii) such later date, if any, as may be required by applicable law, except:

 

   

to us or one of our subsidiaries;

 

   

under a registration statement that has been declared effective under the Securities Act;

 

   

to a person you reasonably believe is a qualified institutional buyer that is purchasing for its own account or for the account of another qualified institutional buyer and to whom notice is given that the transfer is being made in reliance on Rule 144A, all in compliance with Rule 144A (if available); or

 

   

pursuant to an exemption from registration provided by Rule 144 or any other available exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, as if the notes or common stock were “restricted securities” within the meaning of Rule 144.

 

   

You will, and each subsequent holder is required to, notify any purchaser of restricted notes or the common stock, if any, issuable upon conversion thereof from you or it of the above resale restrictions.

 

   

You understand that all of the restricted notes and any shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the restricted notes will, prior to the resale restriction termination date, bear a legend substantially to the following effect (and substantially the same as to the legend born by the existing notes), unless the restricted notes have been sold pursuant to an effective registration statement that continues to be effective at the time of such transfer, or sold pursuant to the exemption from

 

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registration provided by Rule 144 or any similar provision then in force under the Securities Act, or unless otherwise agreed by us with notice to the trustee:

THIS SECURITY AND THE COMMON STOCK, IF ANY, ISSUABLE UPON CONVERSION OF THIS SECURITY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD, PLEDGED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE. BY ITS ACQUISITION HEREOF OR OF A BENEFICIAL INTEREST HEREIN, THE ACQUIRER:

(1) REPRESENTS THAT IT AND ANY ACCOUNT FOR WHICH IT IS ACTING IS A “QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER” (WITHIN THE MEANING OF RULE 144A UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT) AND THAT IT EXERCISES SOLE INVESTMENT DISCRETION WITH RESPECT TO EACH SUCH ACCOUNT, AND

(2) AGREES FOR THE BENEFIT OF 8X8, INC. (THE “COMPANY”) THAT IT WILL NOT OFFER, SELL, PLEDGE OR OTHERWISE TRANSFER THIS SECURITY OR ANY BENEFICIAL INTEREST HEREIN PRIOR TO THE DATE THAT IS THE LATER OF (X) ONE YEAR AFTER THE LAST ORIGINAL ISSUE DATE HEREOF OR SUCH SHORTER PERIOD OF TIME AS PERMITTED BY RULE 144 UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR ANY SUCCESSOR PROVISION THERETO AND (Y) SUCH LATER DATE, IF ANY, AS MAY BE REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW, EXCEPT:

(A) TO THE COMPANY OR ANY SUBSIDIARY THEREOF, OR

(B) PURSUANT TO A REGISTRATION STATEMENT WHICH HAS BECOME EFFECTIVE UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, OR

(C) TO A QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER IN COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 144A UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, OR

(D) PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION PROVIDED BY RULE 144 UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR ANY OTHER AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT.

PRIOR TO THE REGISTRATION OF ANY TRANSFER IN ACCORDANCE WITH CLAUSE (2)(D) ABOVE, THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE RESERVE THE RIGHT TO REQUIRE THE DELIVERY OF SUCH LEGAL OPINIONS, CERTIFICATIONS OR OTHER EVIDENCE AS MAY REASONABLY BE REQUIRED IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THAT THE PROPOSED TRANSFER IS BEING MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE SECURITIES ACT AND APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. NO REPRESENTATION IS MADE AS TO THE AVAILABILITY OF ANY EXEMPTION FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT.

You acknowledge that we, the underwriter and others will rely upon the truth and accuracy of the above acknowledgments, representations and agreements. You agree that if any of the acknowledgments, representations or agreements you are deemed to have made by your purchase of restricted notes and the common stock, if any, issuable upon conversion thereof is no longer accurate, you will promptly notify us and the underwriter. If you are purchasing any restricted notes as a fiduciary or agent for one or more investor accounts, you represent that you have sole investment discretion with respect to each of those accounts and that you have full power to make the above acknowledgments, representations and agreements on behalf of each account.

 

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UNRESTRICTED ELECTION

You may elect (an “Unrestricted Election”) to receive notes (“unrestricted notes”) that are not to be subject to the same transfer restrictions as the existing notes, as described under “Description of Notes—Contractual Transfer Restrictions; Additional Interest,” “Notice to Investors,” and “Contractual Transfer Restrictions.” Unrestricted notes will be issued with an unrestricted CUSIP, which is different from the restricted CUSIP under which the existing notes were issued and under which the restricted notes offered hereby will be issued, and initially will not trade interchangeably with the existing notes or the restricted notes offered hereby.

To elect to receive unrestricted notes, a purchaser must notify the underwriter, in writing of such election no later than 5:00 p.m. New York City time on November 20, 2019 (the “unrestricted election deadline”). Such notice should be sent to the following email address:

unrestrictedelection@morganstanley.com

We cannot assure you of the liquidity of any trading market for unrestricted notes. The unrestricted notes will not initially trade interchangeably with the existing notes or the restricted notes offered hereby and we cannot assure you that any other holders will elect to receive unrestricted notes. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that we will be able to remove the restrictive legend from the restricted notes and as a result we cannot assure you that the restricted notes will trade interchangeably with the unrestricted notes at any time.

If you do not elect to receive unrestricted notes by the unrestricted election deadline, by purchasing the new notes you are agreeing that the new notes will be restricted notes that are subject to the same transfer restrictions as the existing notes, issued with the same restricted CUSIP and restrictive legends as the existing notes and trade interchangeably with the existing notes, as described under “Description of Notes—Contractual Transfer Restrictions; Additional Interest,” “Notice to Investors,” and “Contractual Transfer Restrictions.”

 

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UNDERWRITING

We will enter into an underwriting agreement with Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, as underwriter. Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the underwriting agreement, we have agreed to sell to the underwriter, and the underwriter has agreed to purchase from us, the principal amount of new notes set forth opposite underwriter’s name.

 

Underwriter

   Principal Amount of
Securities to be Purchased
 

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

   $ 75,000,000  

Total

   $ 75,000,000  
  

 

 

 

The underwriting agreement provides that the underwriter is obligated to purchase all of the new notes, if any are purchased. The obligations of the underwriter under the underwriting agreement are subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions.

The underwriter proposes to offer the new notes from time to time to purchasers directly or through agents, or to dealers in negotiated transactions or in a combination of such methods of sale, at a fixed price or prices. which may he changed, or at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to such prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices, within the United States to qualified institutional buyers (as defined in Rule l44A). See “Contractual Transfer Restrictions.” The offering of the new notes by the underwriter is subject to receipt and acceptance and subject to the underwriter’s right to reject any order in whole or in part.

We have agreed to indemnify the underwriter against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments the underwriter may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.

J. Wood Capital Advisors LLC is acting as our financial advisor for this transaction, for which we will pay an advisory fee.

We estimate that the total expenses of this offering to be paid by us, excluding the underwriting discount, will be approximately $1,537,500. The underwriter has agreed to reimburse us for approximately $937,500 of these offering expenses.

Contractual Transfer Restrictions and No Assurance of Liquidity

Although the new notes are being offered hereby in a registered offering, unless you elect otherwise in accordance with the procedures set forth in “Unrestricted Election,” by purchasing the new notes you are agreeing that the new notes and the shares of common stock issued upon conversion thereof, if any, will be subject to the same transfer restrictions as the existing notes and the shares of common stock issued upon conversion thereof, if any. The existing notes were not issued in a registered offering and, as a result, constitute “restricted securities” under Rule 144 under the Securities Act. As a result, unless you elect otherwise in accordance with the procedures set forth in “Unrestricted Election,” you may only resell your notes or shares of common stock issued upon conversion of the notes, if any, pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act and other applicable securities laws. Each purchaser of the notes will be deemed to have made the acknowledgements, representations and agreements as described under “Notice to Investors” and “Contractual Transfer Restrictions.”

We have been advised that the underwriter proposes to resell the new notes to persons that they reasonably believe to be qualified institutional buyers (as defined in Rule 144A). The price at which the new notes are offered may be changed at any time without notice.

 

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We cannot assure you of the liquidity of any trading market for the notes. In addition, unless you elect otherwise in accordance with the procedures set forth in “Unrestricted Election,” the new notes will be subject to certain restrictions on resale and transfer as described under “Notice to Investors” and “Contractual Transfer Restrictions.” The existing notes are not, and we do not intend to apply or arrange for the notes to be, listed on any securities exchange or quoted on any quotation system. The underwriter has advised us that it intends to make a market in the notes, but it is not obligated to do so. The underwriter may discontinue any market-making in the notes at any time in its sole discretion without notice. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that a liquid trading market will develop for the notes. If an active trading market for the notes does not develop, the market price and liquidity of the notes may be adversely affected. If the notes are traded, they may trade at a discount from their initial offering price depending on prevailing interest rates, the market for similar securities, our performance and other factors.

No Sale of Similar Securities

We have agreed that, without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, we will not, during the period ending 60 days after the date of this prospectus (the “Company restricted period”), and and all of our directors and executive officers have agreed that, without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, they will not, during the period ending 30 days after the date of this prospectus (the “director and officer restricted period”): (1) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of our common stock beneficially owned (as such term is used in Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act) or any other securities so owned convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock, (2) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of our common stock, whether any such transaction described in clause (1) or (2) above is to be settled by delivery of common stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise, or (3) publicly disclose the intention to engage in one of these transactions.

Notwithstanding the above, the underwriter has agreed in the underwriting agreement that the lock-up agreement applicable to us does not apply to: (a) the sale of the new notes in this offering or the issuance of any common stock upon conversion thereof, (b) the issuance by us of any shares of common stock upon the exercise of an option or warrant or the conversion of existing notes or a security outstanding on the date of the underwriting agreement of which the underwriter has been advised in writing, (c) the issuance by us of shares of, or options to purchase shares of, common stock, restricted stock units, performance stock units, or other equity awards to employees, officers, directors, advisors or consultants pursuant to employee benefit plans in effect on the date hereof and publicly filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (such plans collectively referred to as the “equity plans”), (d) the vesting of or removal or lapse of restrictions on, or cancellation or forfeiture of restricted stock units, performance stock units or other equity awards under the equity plans or (e) the establishment of a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act for the transfer of shares of common stock, provided that (i) such plan does not provide for the transfer of common stock during the Company restricted period and (ii) to the extent a public announcement or filing under the Exchange Act, if any, is required of or voluntarily made by the company regarding the establishment of such plan, such announcement or filing shall include a statement to the effect that no transfer of common stock may be made under such plan during the Company restricted period.

In addition, notwithstanding the lock-up letters applicable to our directors and our executive officers, the underwriter has agreed that such parties may: (a) transfer shares of common stock or any security convertible into common stock as a bona fide gift, (b) transfer shares of common stock or any security convertible into or exchangeable for common stock by will or intestate succession to such party’s spouse, domestic partner, parent, sibling, child or grandchild (collectively, “immediate family”) or to a trust formed for the benefit of such party or members of such party’s immediate family, (c) if such party is a trust, to a trustor or beneficiary of the trust, provided that in the case of any transfer or distribution pursuant to clause (a), (b) or (c), (i) each donee, distributee or transferee will sign and deliver a lock-up letter substantially in the form agreed to by our directors and executive officers; and (ii) no filing under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, reporting a reduction in beneficial ownership of

 

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shares of common stock, will be required or will be voluntarily made during the director and officer restricted period, (d)(i) receive from us shares of common stock upon the exercise of options, insofar as such option is outstanding as of the date of this prospectus, (ii) transfer shares of common stock to us (x) upon the vesting of restricted stock units or performance stock units that vest during the director and officer restricted period or (y) upon the exercise of options to purchase our common stock on a “cashless” or “net exercise” or “net issuance” basis to cover tax withholding obligations of the applicable director or executive officer in connection with such vesting or exercise, or (iii) to the extent a transfer to us to cover tax withholding obligations of such party in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units or performance stock units described in clause (ii)(x) is not available, sell shares of common stock underlying such restricted stock units or performance stock units to cover the payment of tax withholding obligations upon the vesting of such awards, provided that: in the case of (i), the shares received upon exercise of the option are subject to the lock-up letter applicable to such director or executive officer; in the case of clause (ii)(y), such transfers or sales of common stock are designated by us to be part of an aggregate of 100,000 shares of common stock held by our officers and directors that may be subject to any transaction described in clause (ii)(y) without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC; and in the case of (ii) and (iii), any required filing under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act will clearly indicate in the footnotes thereto that such transfer or sale was to cover tax withholding obligations of the applicable director or executive officer in connection with such vesting or exercise, (e) establish a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act (a “10b5-1 plan”) for the transfer of shares of common stock, provided that (i) such plan does not provide for the transfer of common stock during the director and officer restricted period and (ii) to the extent a public announcement or filing under the Exchange Act, if any, is required of or voluntarily made by or on behalf of the applicable director or executive officer or us regarding the establishment of such plan, such announcement or filing will include a statement to the effect that no transfer of common stock may be made under such plan during the director and officer restricted period, (f) sell common stock pursuant to a 10b5-1 plan that has been entered into by such party prior to the date of the underwriting agreement and provided to Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, provided that any public announcement or filing under the Exchange Act regarding any such sales will include a statement to the effect that any sales were effected pursuant to such 10b5-1 plan, or (g) transfer shares of common stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock that occurs solely by operation of law or by order of a court of competent jurisdiction, provided that the transferee will sign and deliver a lock-up letter substantially in the form of the lock-up letter agreed to by our directors and executive officers and that any filing pursuant to Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act will indicate that such transfer was pursuant to operation of law or court order, and provided further that no party, including the applicable director or executive officer, will otherwise voluntarily effect any public filing, report or announcement of such transfer.

In addition, each of our directors and executive officers subject to the lock-up letters described herein has agreed that, without the prior written consent of the underwriter, such party will not, during the director and officer restricted period, make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to, the registration of any shares of our common stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of our common stock. Such party has also agreed and consented to the entry of stop transfer instructions with our transfer agent and registrar against the transfer of such party’s shares of common stock except in compliance with the foregoing restrictions. Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, in its sole discretion, may release any of the securities subject to these restrictions at any time without notice.

Price Stabilization and Short Positions

In connection with the offering of the new notes, the underwriter may engage in over-allotment, stabilizing transactions and syndicate covering transactions in the notes and our common stock. Over-allotment involves sales in excess of the offering size, which creates a short position for the underwriter. Stabilizing transactions involve bids to purchase the notes or our common stock in the open market for the purpose of pegging, fixing or maintaining the price of the notes. Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of the notes or our common stock in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover short positions. Stabilizing transactions and syndicate covering transactions may cause the price of the notes or our common stock to be higher than it would otherwise be in the absence of those transactions.

 

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These acquisitions could have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our common stock above levels that would otherwise have prevailed, or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our common stock.

Capped Call Transaction

In connection with the pricing of the new notes, we expect to enter into a capped call transaction with the underwriter or affiliates thereof (the “option counterparty”). The capped call transaction is expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to our common stock upon conversion of the notes at maturity and/or offset cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap.

We intend to use approximately $9.25 million of the net proceeds from this offering to pay the cost of the capped call transaction.

In connection with establishing their initial hedge of the capped call transaction, we expect that the option counterparty or its affiliates:

 

   

may enter into various cash-settled over-the-counter derivative transactions with respect to our common stock concurrently with, or shortly after, the pricing of the additional notes, including with certain investors in the additional notes; and

 

   

may unwind these cash-settled over-the-counter derivative transactions and purchase shares of our common stock in open market transactions following the pricing of the additional notes.

This activity could increase (or reduce the size of any decrease in) the market price of our common stock or the notes at that time.

In addition, the option counterparty or its affiliates may modify their hedge positions by entering into or unwinding various derivatives with respect to our common stock and/or purchasing or selling our common stock or other securities of ours in secondary market transactions following the pricing of the notes and prior to the maturity of the notes (and are likely to do so during the valuation period for the capped call transaction, which is expected to occur during the 40 trading day period beginning on the 41st scheduled trading day prior to the maturity of the notes). This activity could also cause or avoid an increase or a decrease in the market price of our common stock or the notes, which could affect your ability to convert the notes and, to the extent the activity occurs during any observation period related to a conversion of notes, it could affect the number of shares and value of the consideration that you will receive upon conversion of the notes.

For a discussion of the potential impact of any market or other activity by the option counterparty or its affiliates in connection with the capped call transaction, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Notes—The capped call transaction may affect the value of the notes and our common stock.”

Foreign Jurisdictions

European Economic Area

The notes are not intended to be offered, sold or otherwise made available to and should not be offered, sold or otherwise made available to any retail investor in the European Economic Area (“EEA”). For these purposes, a retail investor means a person who is one (or more) of: (i) a retail client as defined in point (11) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU (as amended, “MiFID II”); or (ii) a customer within the meaning of Directive 2002/92/EC (as amended, the “Insurance Mediation Directive”), where that customer would not qualify as a professional client as defined in point (10) of Article 4(1) of MiFID II; or (iii) not a qualified investor as defined in Directive 2003/71/EC (as amended, the “Prospectus Directive”). Consequently no key information document required by

 

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Regulation (EU) No 1286/2014 (as amended, the “PRIIPs Regulation”) for offering or selling the notes or otherwise making them available to retail investors in the EEA has been prepared and therefore offering or selling the notes or otherwise making them available to any retail investor in the EEA may be unlawful under the PRIIPS Regulation. This prospectus has been prepared on the basis that any offer of notes in any Member State of the EEA will be made pursuant to an exemption under the Prospectus Directive from the requirement to publish a prospectus for offers of the notes. This prospectus is not a prospectus for the purposes of the Prospectus Directive.

United Kingdom

Each underwriter has represented and agreed that:

(a) it has only communicated or caused to be communicated and will only communicate or cause to be communicated an invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of Section 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FSMA)) received by it in connection with the issue or sale of the notes in circumstances in which Section 21(1) of the FSMA does not apply to us; and

(b) it has complied and will comply with all applicable provisions of the FSMA with respect to anything done by it in relation to the notes in, from or otherwise involving the United Kingdom.

In connection with this offering, the underwriter is not acting for anyone other than us and will not be responsible to anyone other than us for providing the protections afforded to their clients nor for providing advice in relation to this offering.

This document is for distribution only to persons who (i) have professional experience in matters relating to investments falling within Article 19(5) of the FSMA the Order, (ii) are persons falling within Article 49(2)(a) to (d) (‘‘high net worth companies, unincorporated associations etc.’’) of the Order, (iii) are outside the United Kingdom, or (iv) are persons to whom an invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of Section 21 of FSMA) in connection with the issue or sale of any securities may otherwise lawfully be communicated or caused to be communicated (all such persons together being referred to as ‘‘relevant persons’’). This document is directed only at relevant persons and must not be acted on or relied on by persons who are not relevant persons. Any investment or investment activity to which this document relates is available only to relevant persons and will be engaged in only with relevant persons.

Canada

The notes may be sold only to purchasers purchasing, or deemed to be purchasing, as principal that are accredited investors, as defined in National Instrument 45-106 Prospectus Exemptions or subsection 73.3(1) of the Securities Act (Ontario), and are permitted clients, as defined in National Instrument 31-103 Registration Requirements, Exemptions and Ongoing Registrant Obligations. Any resale of the notes must be made in accordance with an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the prospectus requirements of applicable securities laws.

Securities legislation in certain provinces or territories of Canada may provide a purchaser with remedies for rescission or damages if this prospectus (including any amendment thereto) contains a misrepresentation, provided that the remedies for rescission or damages are exercised by the purchaser within the time limit prescribed by the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory. The purchaser should refer to any applicable provisions of the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory for particulars of these rights or consult with a legal advisor.

Pursuant to section 3A.3 (or, in the case of securities issued or guaranteed by the government of a non-Canadian jurisdiction, section 3A.4) of National Instrument 33-105 Underwriting Conflicts (NI 33-105), the underwriter is not required to comply with the disclosure requirements of NI 33-105 regarding underwriter conflicts of interest in connection with this offering.

 

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Other Relationships

The underwriter and its affiliates are full service financial institutions engaged in various activities, which may include sales and trading, commercial and investment banking, advisory, investment management, investment research, principal investment, hedging, market making, brokerage and other financial and non-financial activities and services. The underwriter and its affiliates have provided in the past to us and our affiliates and may provide from time to time in the future certain commercial banking, financial advisory, investment banking and other services for us and such affiliates in the ordinary course of their business, for which they have received and may continue to receive customary fees and commissions.

The underwriter or affiliates thereof (the “option counterparty”) is a party to the capped call transaction described above and elsewhere in this prospectus.

In addition, from time to time, the underwriter and its affiliates may effect transactions for their own account or the account of customers, and hold on behalf of themselves or their customers, long or short positions in our debt or equity securities or loans, and for persons or entities who have relationships with us, and may do so in the future. The underwriter and its affiliates may also communicate independent investment recommendations, market color or trading ideas and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of such assets, securities or instruments and may at any time hold, or recommend to clients that they should acquire, long and/or short positions in such assets, securities and instruments.

 

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LEGAL MATTERS

Certain legal matters in connection with the offering of the notes offered hereby and of the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion thereof, if any, will be passed upon for us by Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, Palo Alto, California. Latham & Watkins LLP, New York, New York, will act as counsel to the underwriter.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K of 8x8, Inc. for the year ended March 31, 2019, and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2019, of 8x8, Inc., have been audited by Moss Adams LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report, which is incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated statements have been so incorporated in reliance upon the report of such firm (which report expresses an unqualified opinion and includes an explanatory paragraph relating to the adoption of Accounting Standards Codification Topic No. 606) given upon its authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

 

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$75,000,000

 

 

LOGO

0.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024

 

 

Prospectus

 

 

Sole Book-Running Manager

Morgan Stanley

 

 

Financial Advisor to 8x8, Inc.

J. Wood Capital Advisors

 

 

November    , 2019

 

 

 


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PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution

The expenses relating to the registration of the securities will be borne by the registrant.

 

SEC registration fee

   $ 9,735  

Accounting fees and expenses

   $ 75,000  

Trustee fees and expenses

   $ 7,500  

Legal fees and expenses

   $ 400,000  

Financial advisor fees and expenses

   $ 937,500  

Printing fees and expenses

   $ 50,000  

Miscellaneous

   $ 57,765  
  

 

 

 

Total*

   $ 1,537,500  
  

 

 

 

 

*

Of this total, $937,500 will be reimbursed by the underwriter.

Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers

Delaware

Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or the DGCL, provides that a corporation may indemnify directors and officers as well as other employees and individuals against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with any threatened, pending or completed actions, suits or proceedings in which such person is made a party by reason of such person being or having been a director, officer, employee or agent to the Company. The DGCL provides that Section 145 is not exclusive of other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under any bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.

Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL permits a corporation to provide in its certificate of incorporation that a director of the corporation shall not be personally liable to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability (i) for any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) for unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases, redemptions or other distributions, or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.

Article VIII of the Registrant’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation states that the Registrant may indemnify to the fullest extent permitted by law any person made or threatened to be made a party to an action or proceeding, whether criminal, civil, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that he, his testator or intestate is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Registrant or any predecessor of the Registrant or serves or served at any other enterprise as a director, officer, employee or agent at the request of the Registrant or any predecessor to the Registrant.

In addition, Article VIII of the Registrant’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation states that to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, no director shall be personally liable to the Registrant or any of its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director.

 

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Item 16. Exhibits

 

Exhibit No.

  

Description of Exhibits

  1.1    Form of Underwriting Agreement
  4.1*    Indenture, dated as of February  19, 2019, by and between 8x8, Inc. and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee
  4.2*    Form of 0.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (included in Exhibit 4.1)
  4.3    Trust Indenture Act Cross-Reference Table
  5.1    Opinion of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP
23.1    Consent of Moss Adams LLP
23.2    Consent of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)
24.1    Power of Attorney (included on signature pages hereto)
25.1    Statement of Eligibility of Trustee on Form T-1

 

*

Filed previously as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 19, 2019.

Item 17. Undertakings

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

 

  (1)

To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

 

  (i)

To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;

 

  (ii)

To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and

 

  (iii)

To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;

Provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) above do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.

 

  (2)

That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

  (3)

To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

 

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  (4)

That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:

 

  (i)

Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and

 

  (ii)

Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii) or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.

 

  (5)

That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

 

  (i)

Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

 

  (ii)

Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;

 

  (iii)

The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and

 

  (iv)

Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.

The undersigned registrant hereby further undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for

 

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indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question of whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:

 

  (1)

For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.

 

  (2)

For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the TIA in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the SEC under Section 305(b) (2) of the TIA.

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of San Jose, State of California, on this 18th day of November, 2019.

 

8X8, INC.

By:

 

 

/s/ Steven Gatoff

  Steven Gatoff
  Chief Financial Officer

SIGNATURES AND POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Vikram Verma and Steven Gatoff, and each of them, his or her true and lawful attorney in fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments, including post-effective amendments, to this registration statement and any registration statement relating to the offering covered by this registration statement and filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933 and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and conforming all that said attorney in fact and agent or his substitute or substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature

  

Title

 

Date

/s/ Vikram Verma

Vikram Verma

   Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
  November 18, 2019

/s/ Steven Gatoff

Steven Gatoff

   Chief Financial Officer (Principal
Financial and Accounting Officer)
  November 18, 2019

/s/ Bryan R. Martin

Bryan R. Martin

   Chairman of the Board   November 18, 2019

/s/ Monique Bonner

Monique Bonner

   Director   November 18, 2019

/s/ Todd Ford

Todd Ford

   Director   November 18, 2019

/s/ Vladimir Jacimovic

Vladimir Jacimovic

   Director   November 18, 2019


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Signature

  

Title

 

Date

/s/ Eric Salzman

Eric Salzman

   Director   November 18, 2019

/s/ Jaswinder Pal Singh

Jaswinder Pal Singh

   Director   November 18, 2019

/s/ Elizabeth Theophille

Elizabeth Theophille

   Director   November 18, 2019
EX-1.1

Exhibit 1.1

$75,000,000

8X8, INC.

0.50% CONVERTIBLE SENIOR NOTES DUE 2024

UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT

November [  ], 2019


November [ ● ], 2019

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

1585 Broadway

New York, New York 10036

Ladies and Gentlemen:

8x8, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), proposes to issue and sell to Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, the sole underwriter (the “Underwriter” or “you”), $75,000,000 principal amount of its 0.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (the “Securities”) to be issued pursuant to the provisions of an Indenture dated as of February 19, 2019 (the “Indenture”) between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee (the “Trustee”). Shares of the Company’s Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, are hereinafter referred to as the “Common Stock.” The Securities will be convertible into cash, shares of Common Stock (the “Underlying Securities”) or a combination of cash and Underlying Securities, at the Company’s election.

In connection with the offering of the Securities, the Company is separately entering into capped call transactions with the Underwriter or affiliates thereof and/or other financial institutions (each, a “Capped Call Counterparty”), in each case pursuant to a capped call confirmation (a “Capped Call Confirmation”), each dated the date hereof.

The Company has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) a registration statement, including a prospectus, (the file number of which is set forth in Schedule I hereto) on Form S-3, relating to the Securities. The registration statement as amended to the date of this Agreement, including the information (if any) deemed to be part of the registration statement at the time of effectiveness pursuant to Rule 430A or Rule 430B under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), is hereinafter referred to as the “Registration Statement,” and the related prospectus covering the Securities dated November [ ● ], 2019 in the form first used to confirm sales of the Securities (or in the form first made available to the Underwriter by the Company to meet requests of purchasers pursuant to Rule 173 under the Securities Act) is hereinafter referred to as the “Prospectus” and the term “preliminary prospectus” means any preliminary form of the Prospectus. For purposes of this Agreement, “free writing prospectus” has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act, “Time of Sale Prospectus” means the documents and pricing information set forth opposite the caption “Time of Sale Prospectus” in Schedule I hereto, and “broadly available road show” means a “bona fide electronic road show” as defined in Rule 433(h)(5) under the Securities Act that has been made available without restriction to any person. As used herein, the terms “Registration Statement,” “Prospectus,” “preliminary prospectus” and “Time of Sale Prospectus” shall include the documents, if any, incorporated by reference therein on the date hereof. The terms “supplement,” “amendment,” and “amend” as used herein with respect to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus or any preliminary prospectus shall include all documents subsequently filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that are deemed to be incorporated by reference therein.


1.    Representations and Warranties. The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with, you that:

(a)    The Registration Statement has become effective; no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement is in effect, and no proceedings for such purpose or pursuant to Section 8A under the Securities Act are pending before or threatened by the Commission. The Company is a well-known seasoned issuer (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) eligible to use the Registration Statement as an automatic shelf registration statement and the Company has not received notice that the Commission objects to the use of the Registration Statement as an automatic shelf registration statement.

(b)    (i) Each document, if any, filed or to be filed pursuant to the Exchange Act and incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus complied or will comply when so filed in all material respects with the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, (ii) each part of the Registration Statement, when such part became effective, did not contain, and each such part, as amended or supplemented, if applicable, will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, (iii) the Registration Statement as of the date hereof does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, (iv) the Registration Statement and the Prospectus comply, and as amended or supplemented, if applicable, will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, (v) the Time of Sale Prospectus does not, and at the time of each sale of the Securities in connection with the offering when the Prospectus is not yet available to prospective purchasers and at the Closing Date (as defined in Section 4), the Time of Sale Prospectus, as then amended or supplemented by the Company, if applicable, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, (vi) each broadly available road show, if any, when considered together with the Time of Sale Prospectus, does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading and (vii) the Prospectus does not contain and, as amended or supplemented, if applicable, will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, except that the representations and warranties set forth in this paragraph do not apply to (1) statements or omissions in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus based upon information relating to the Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by the Underwriter expressly for use therein or (2) that part of the Registration Statement that constitutes the Statement of Eligibility (Form T-1) under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (the “Trust Indenture Act”), of the Trustee.

 

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(c)    The Company is not an “ineligible issuer” in connection with the offering pursuant to Rules 164, 405 and 433 under the Securities Act. Any free writing prospectus that the Company is required to file pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act has been, or will be, filed with the Commission in accordance with the requirements of the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder. Each free writing prospectus that the Company has filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act or that was prepared by or behalf of or used or referred to by the Company complies or will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder. Except for the free writing prospectuses, if any, identified in Schedule I hereto, and electronic road shows, if any, each furnished to you before first use, the Company has not prepared, used or referred to, and will not, without your prior consent, prepare, use or refer to, any free writing prospectus.

(d)    The Company has been duly incorporated, is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, has the corporate power and authority to own or lease its property and to conduct its business as described in the Time of Sale Prospectus and is duly qualified to transact business and is in good standing (to the extent the concept of good standing or an equivalent concept is applicable in such jurisdiction) in each jurisdiction in which the conduct of its business or its ownership or leasing of property requires such qualification, except to the extent that the failure to be so qualified or be in good standing would not have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

(e)    Each subsidiary of the Company has been duly incorporated, is validly existing as a corporation or other legal entity in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation, organization or formation (to the extent the concept of good standing or an equivalent concept is applicable in such jurisdiction), has the corporate or other statutory power and authority to own its property and to conduct its business as described in the Time of Sale Prospectus and is duly qualified to transact business and is in good standing (to the extent the concept of good standing or an equivalent concept is applicable in such jurisdiction) in each jurisdiction in which the conduct of its business or its ownership or leasing of property requires such qualification, except to the extent that the failure to be so qualified or be in good standing would not have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole; all of the issued shares of capital stock of each subsidiary of the Company have been duly and validly authorized and issued, are fully paid and non-assessable and are owned directly or indirectly by the Company, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities or claims.

(f)    This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company.

(g)    The authorized capital stock of the Company conforms as to legal matters to the description thereof contained in each of the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus.

 

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(h)    The shares of Common Stock outstanding prior to the issuance of the Securities have been duly authorized and are validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

(i)    The Securities have been duly authorized and, when executed and authenticated in accordance with the provisions of the Indenture and delivered to and paid for by the Underwriter in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, will be valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and equitable principles of general applicability, and will be entitled to the benefits of the Indenture pursuant to which such Securities are to be issued.

(j)    The maximum number of Underlying Securities initially issuable upon conversion of the Securities (assuming (x) “physical settlement” (as defined in the Prospectus) upon conversion of the Securities and (y) that the maximum conversion rate set forth in the Prospectus applicable to a conversion in connection with a “make-whole fundamental change” or during a “redemption period” (as such terms are defined in the Prospectus) applies) (such maximum number, the “Conversion Shares”) have been duly authorized and reserved and, when issued upon conversion of the Securities in accordance with the terms of the Securities, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and the issuance of the Underlying Securities will not be subject to any preemptive or similar rights that have not been validly waived.

(k)    This Agreement, the Indenture, the Securities and the Capped Call Confirmations (collectively, the “Transaction Documents”) have been duly authorized by the Company. This Agreement and the Capped Call Confirmations have been executed and delivered by the Company, and the Indenture and the Securities, when executed and delivered by the Company, will be, valid and binding agreements of the Company, enforceable in accordance with their respective terms, subject in each case to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and equitable principles of general applicability.

(l)    The execution and delivery by the Company of, and the performance by the Company of its obligations under the Transaction Documents will not contravene any provision of (i) applicable law, (ii) the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of the Company, (iii) any agreement or other instrument currently binding upon the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or (iv) any existing judgment, order or decree of any governmental body, agency or court having jurisdiction over the Company or any subsidiary, except in the cases of (i) and (iii) as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or on the ability of the Company to perform its obligations under the Transaction Documents, and no consent, approval, authorization or order of, or qualification with, any governmental body or agency is required for the performance by the Company of its obligations under the Transaction Documents, except such as may have been previously obtained or may be required by the securities or Blue Sky laws of the various states or foreign jurisdictions in connection with the offer and sale of the Securities.

 

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(m)    Each Transaction Document conforms in all material respects to the description thereof contained in each of the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus.

(n)    There has not occurred any material adverse change, or any development involving a prospective material adverse change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business or operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, from that set forth in the Time of Sale Prospectus provided to prospective purchasers of the Securities.

(o)    There are no legal or governmental proceedings pending or threatened to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or to which any of the properties of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject other than proceedings accurately described in all material respects in the Time of Sale Prospectus and proceedings that would not reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or on the power or ability of the Company to perform its obligations under the Transaction Documents or to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Time of Sale Prospectus

(p)    Each preliminary prospectus filed as part of the registration statement as originally filed or as part of any amendment thereto, or filed pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act, complied when so filed in all material respects with the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.

(q)    The Company and its subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with any and all applicable foreign, federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of human health and safety, the environment or hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants (“Environmental Laws”), (ii) have received all permits, licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses and (iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval, except where such noncompliance with Environmental Laws, failure to receive required permits, licenses or other approvals or failure to comply with the terms and conditions of such permits, licenses or approvals would not, singly or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

(r)    There are no costs or liabilities associated with Environmental Laws (including, without limitation, any capital or operating expenditures required for clean-up, closure of properties or compliance with Environmental Laws or any permit, license or approval, any related constraints on operating activities and any potential liabilities to third parties) which would, singly or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

(s)    The Company is not, and after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Securities and the application of the proceeds thereof and the transactions contemplated by the Capped Call Confirmations as described in the Prospectus will not be, required to register as an “investment company” as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”).

 

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(t)    (i) None of the Company or its subsidiaries or affiliates, or any director, officer, or employee thereof, or, to the Company’s knowledge, any agent or representative of the Company or of any of its subsidiaries or affiliates, has taken any action in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay, or authorization or approval of the payment, giving or receipt of money, property, gifts or anything else of value, directly or indirectly, to any government official (including any officer or employee of a government or government-owned or controlled entity or of a public international organization, or any person acting in an official capacity for or on behalf of any of the foregoing, or any political party or party official or candidate for political office) (“Government Official”) in order to influence official action, or to any person in violation of any applicable anti-corruption laws; (ii) the Company and its subsidiaries and affiliates have conducted their businesses in compliance with applicable anti-corruption laws and have instituted and maintained policies and procedures reasonably designed to promote and achieve compliance with such laws and with the representations and warranties contained herein; and (iii) neither the Company nor its subsidiaries will use, directly or indirectly, the proceeds of the offering in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay, or authorization of the payment or giving of money, or anything else of value in violation of any applicable anti-corruption laws.

(u)    The operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in material compliance with all financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries (as applicable) is subject, including those of the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by Title III of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA PATRIOT Act), and the applicable anti-money laundering statutes of jurisdictions where the Company and its subsidiaries conduct business, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the “Anti-Money Laundering Laws”), and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries with respect to the Anti-Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the best knowledge of the Company, threatened.

(v)    (i) None of the Company, any of its subsidiaries, or any director, officer thereof, or, to the Company’s knowledge, any other employee agent, affiliate or representative of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, is an individual or entity (“Person”) that is, or is owned or controlled by one or more Persons that are:

(A)    the subject of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, Her Majesty’s Treasury, or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, “Sanctions”), or

(B)    located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject of Sanctions (including, without limitation, Crimea, Cuba, Iran, North Korea and Syria).

 

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(ii)    The Company will not, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the offering, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person:

(A)    to fund or facilitate any activities or business of or with any Person or in any country or territory that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject of Sanctions; or

(B)    in any other manner that will result in a violation of Sanctions by any Person (including any Person participating in the offering, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise).

(iii)    For the past five years, the Company and its subsidiaries have not knowingly engaged in, are not now knowingly engaged in, and the Company and its subsidiaries will not knowingly engage in, any dealings or transactions with any Person, or in any country or territory, that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject of Sanctions.

(w)    The Company and each of its subsidiaries have filed all federal, state, local and foreign tax returns required to be filed through the date of this Agreement or have requested extensions thereof (except where the failure to file would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect) and have paid all taxes required to be paid thereon (except for cases in which the failure to pay would not have a material adverse effect, or, except as currently being contested in good faith and for which reserves required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) have been created in the financial statements of the Company), and no tax deficiency has been determined adversely to the Company or any of its subsidiaries which has had (nor does the Company nor any of its subsidiaries have any notice or knowledge of any tax deficiency which could reasonably be expected to be determined adversely to the Company or its subsidiaries and which could reasonably be expected to have) a material adverse effect.

(x)    The financial statements and the related notes thereto of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus present fairly the financial position of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries as of the dates indicated and the results of their operations and the changes in their cash flows for the periods specified; such financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods covered thereby; and the other financial information included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus has been derived from the accounting records of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries and presents fairly the information shown thereby.

(y)    The Company and its subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls designed to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in

 

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conformity with U.S. GAAP and to maintain asset accountability; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences; and (v) the interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus is accurate. Except as described in the Time of Sale Prospectus, since the end of the Company’s most recent fiscal year for which audited financial statements are available, there has been (i) no material weakness in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (whether or not remediated) and (ii) no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

(z)    The interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and has been prepared in accordance with the Commission’s rules and guidelines applicable thereto.

(aa)    Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in each of the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, (i) the Company and its subsidiaries have not incurred any material liability or obligation, direct or contingent, nor entered into any material transaction, (ii) the Company has not purchased any of its outstanding capital stock other than from its employees or other service providers in connection with the termination of their service, nor declared, paid or otherwise made any dividend or distribution of any kind on its capital stock other than ordinary and customary dividends, and (iii) there has not been any material change in the capital stock, short-term debt or long-term debt of the Company and its subsidiaries, except in each case as described in each of the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, respectively.

(bb)    The Company and its subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property and good and marketable title to all personal property owned by them which is material to the business of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and defects except such as are described in the Time of Sale Prospectus or such as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its subsidiaries; and any real property and buildings held under lease by the Company and its subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with such exceptions as are not material and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property and buildings by the Company and its subsidiaries, in each case except as described in the Time of Sale Prospectus.

(cc)    The Company and its subsidiaries own or possess, or can acquire on commercially reasonable terms, sufficient rights to use all material patents, patent rights, licenses, inventions, copyrights, know-how (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or confidential information, systems or procedures),

 

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trademarks, service marks, trade names, domain names and other intellectual property currently employed by them in connection with the business as currently operated by them (collectively, “Company Intellectual Property Rights”). Except as disclosed in the Time of Sale Prospectus, or as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, (i) there are no third parties who have been able to establish rights to any Company Intellectual Property Rights, except for the retained rights of the owners of the Company Intellectual Property Rights which are licensed to the Company; (ii) there is no pending or, to the knowledge of the Company’s officers, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others (A) challenging the validity, enforceability or scope of any Company Intellectual Property Rights or (B) challenging the Company’s rights or any of its subsidiaries’ rights in or to any Company Intellectual Property Right; and (iii) there is no pending or, to knowledge of the Company’s officers, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others that the Company or any subsidiary infringes, misappropriates or otherwise violates or conflicts with any intellectual property or other proprietary rights of others, and to the knowledge of the Company’s officers, no person currently has a reasonable basis for any such claim. The Company and each of its subsidiaries has taken reasonable steps in accordance with customary industry practice to maintain the confidentiality of all Company Intellectual Property Rights, the value of which to the Company or any of its subsidiaries is contingent upon maintaining the confidentiality thereof.

(dd)    The Company and its subsidiaries have used all software and other materials distributed under a “free,” “open source,” or similar licensing model (including but not limited to the GNU General Public License, GNU Lesser General Public License and GNU Affero General Public License) (“Open Source Software”) in compliance with all license terms applicable to such Open Source Software, except where the failure to comply would not have a material adverse effect; and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has used or distributed any Open Source Software in a manner that requires or has required (i) the Company or any of its subsidiaries to permit reverse engineering of any products or services of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or any software code or other technology owned by the Company or any of its subsidiaries or (ii) any products or services of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or any software code or other technology owned by the Company or any of its subsidiaries, to be (A) disclosed or distributed in source code form, (B) licensed for the purpose of making derivative works, or (C) redistributed at no charge, except, in the case of each of (i) and (ii) above, as would not have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

(ee)    The Company and each of its subsidiaries have complied, and are presently in compliance, with the Company’s privacy and security policies and, to the extent applicable to the Company and any of its subsidiaries, with all obligations, laws and regulations regarding the collection, use, transfer, storage, protection, disposal and/or disclosure of personally identifiable information and/or any other information collected from or provided by third parties, except to the extent that the failure to do so would not reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole. The Company and its subsidiaries have taken commercially

 

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reasonable steps to protect the information technology systems and data used in connection with the operation of the Company and/or its subsidiaries against unauthorized access, use, modification, disclosure or other misuse. To the Company’s knowledge, there has been no material security breach or attack or other compromise of any such information technology system or data.

(ff)    No material labor dispute with the employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries exists, except as described in the Time of Sale Prospectus, or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent.

(gg)    The Company and its subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses except where the failure to obtain such certificates, authorizations or permits would not, individually or in the aggregate, be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any such certificate, authorization or permit which, singly or in the aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, would have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, except as described in the Time of Sale Prospectus.

(hh)    The Company has not taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that could reasonably be expected to cause or result in (x) any stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Securities or the Underlying Securities or (y) a violation of Regulation M under the Exchange Act (“Regulation M”) in connection with the distribution of the Securities contemplated hereby.

(ii)    Moss Adams LLP, who have audited certain financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries, are an independent registered public accounting firm with respect to the Company and its subsidiaries within the applicable rules and regulations adopted by the Commission and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) and as required by the Securities Act.

(jj)    Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is a party to any contract, agreement or understanding with any person (other than this Agreement) that would give rise to a valid claim against the Company or any of its subsidiaries or the Underwriter for a brokerage commission, finder’s fee or like payment in connection with the offering and sale of the Securities.

(kk)    There is and has been no failure on the part of the Company or any of the Company’s directors or officers, in their capacities as such, to comply in all material respects with any provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended and the rules and regulations promulgated in connection therewith that are applicable to the Company, including Section 402 related to loans and Sections 302 and 906 related to certifications.

 

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(ll)    There are no securities or preferred stock of or guaranteed by the Company or any of its subsidiaries that are rated by a “nationally recognized statistical rating organization,” as such term is defined in Section 3(a)(62) of the Exchange Act.

2.    Agreements to Sell and Purchase. The Company hereby agrees to sell to the Underwriter, and the Underwriter, upon the basis of the representations and warranties herein contained, but subject to the conditions hereinafter stated, agrees to purchase from the Company $75,000,000 aggregate principal amount of Securities at the purchase price set forth in Schedule I hereto.

3.    Terms of Offering. You have advised the Company that you will make an offering of the Securities purchased by yourself hereunder as soon as practicable after the Registration Statement and this Agreement have become effective as in your judgment is advisable.

4.    Payment and Delivery. Payment for the Securities shall be made to the Company in Federal or other funds immediately available in New York City against delivery of such Securities for your account at approximately 10:00 a.m., New York City time, on November [ ● ], 2019, or at such other time on the same or such other date, not later than November [ ● ], 2019, as shall be designated in writing by you. The time and date of such payment are hereinafter referred to as the “Closing Date.”

The Securities shall be in definitive form or global form, as specified by you, and registered in such names and in such denominations as you shall request in writing not later than one full business day prior to the Closing Date. The Securities shall be delivered to you on the Closing Date for your account, with any transfer taxes payable in connection with the transfer of the Securities to you duly paid, against payment of the Purchase Price therefor plus accrued interest, if any, to the date of payment and delivery.

5.    Conditions to the Underwriter’s Obligations. The several obligations of the Underwriter to purchase and pay for the Securities on the Closing Date are subject to the following conditions:

(a)    Subsequent to the execution and delivery of this Agreement and prior to the Closing Date:

(i)    no order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement shall be in effect, and no proceeding for such purpose or pursuant to Section 8A under the Securities Act shall be pending before or threatened by the Commission;

(ii)    there shall not have occurred any downgrading, nor shall any notice have been given of any intended or potential downgrading or of any review for a possible change that does not indicate the direction of the possible change, in the rating accorded any of the securities of the Company or any of its subsidiaries by any “nationally recognized statistical rating organization,” as such term is defined in
Section 3(a)(62) of the Exchange Act; and

(iii)    there shall not have occurred any change, or any development involving a prospective change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings,

 

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business or operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, from that set forth in the Time of Sale Prospectus provided to the prospective purchasers of the Securities that, in your judgment, is material and adverse and that makes it, in your judgment, impracticable to market the Securities on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Time of Sale Prospectus.

(b)    The Underwriter shall have received on the Closing Date a certificate, dated the Closing Date and signed on behalf of the Company by an executive officer of the Company, to the effect set forth in Section 5(a) above and to the effect that the representations and warranties of the Company contained in this Agreement are true and correct as of the Closing Date and that the Company has complied with all of the agreements and satisfied all of the conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder on or before the Closing Date.

The officer signing and delivering such certificate may rely upon the best of his or her knowledge as to proceedings threatened.

(c)    The Underwriter shall have received on the Closing Date an opinion and negative assurance letter of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, outside counsel for the Company, dated the Closing Date, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Underwriter.

The opinion and negative assurance letter of Skadden Arps Slate Meagher & Flom LLP described in this Section 5(c) shall be rendered to the Underwriter at the request of the Company and shall so state therein.

(d)    The Underwriter shall have received on the Closing Date an opinion and a negative assurance letter of Latham & Watkins LLP, counsel for the Underwriter, dated the Closing Date, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Underwriter.

(e)    The Underwriter shall have received, on each of the date hereof and the Closing Date a letter, dated the date hereof or the Closing Date, as the case may be, in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriter, from Moss Adams LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, containing statements and information of the type ordinarily included in accountants’ “comfort letters” to underwriters with respect to the financial statements and certain financial information contained in or incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus; provided that the letter delivered on the Closing Date shall use a “cut-off date” not earlier than the date hereof.

(f)    The “lock-up” agreements, each substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto, between you and certain officers and directors of the Company relating to sales and certain other dispositions of shares of common stock or certain other securities, delivered to you on or before the date hereof, shall be in full force and effect on the Closing Date.

(g)    The Securities shall be eligible for clearance and settlement through The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”).

 

12


(h)    An application for the listing of the Conversion Shares shall have been submitted to The New York Stock Exchange (the “Exchange”), and the Conversion Shares shall have been approved for listing on the Exchange, subject to official notice of issuance.

6.    Covenants of the Company. The Company covenants with the Underwriter as follows:

(a)    To furnish to you in New York City, without charge, prior to 10:00 a.m. New York City time on the business day next succeeding the date of this Agreement and during the period mentioned in Section 6(d) or 6(e), as many copies of the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus, any documents incorporated by reference therein and any supplements and amendments thereto or to the Registration Statement as you may reasonably request.

(b)    Before amending or supplementing the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus, to furnish to you a copy of each such proposed amendment or supplement and not to use any such proposed amendment or supplement to which you reasonably object.

(c)    To furnish to you a copy of each proposed free writing prospectus to be prepared by or on behalf of, used by, or referred to by the Company and not to use or refer to any proposed free writing prospectus to which you reasonably object.

(d)    If the Time of Sale Prospectus is being used to solicit offers to buy the Securities at a time when the Prospectus is not yet available to prospective purchasers and any event shall occur or condition exist as a result of which it is necessary to amend or supplement the Time of Sale Prospectus in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances, not misleading, or if, in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriter, it is necessary to amend or supplement the Time of Sale Prospectus to comply with applicable law, forthwith to prepare and furnish, at its own expense, to the Underwriter and to any dealer upon request, either amendments or supplements to the Time of Sale Prospectus so that the statements in the Time of Sale Prospectus as so amended or supplemented will not, in the light of the circumstances when delivered to a prospective purchaser, be misleading or so that the Time of Sale Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, will comply with applicable law.

(e)    If, during such period after the date hereof and prior to the date on which all of the Securities shall have been sold by the Underwriter, any event shall occur or condition exist as a result of which it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances when the Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading, or if, in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriter, it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus to comply with applicable law, forthwith to prepare and furnish, at its own expense, to the Underwriter, either amendments or supplements to the Prospectus so that the statements in the Prospectus as so amended or supplemented will not, in the light of the circumstances when the Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, be misleading or so that Prospectus as amended or supplemented, will comply with applicable law.

 

13


(f)    To endeavor to qualify the Securities for offer and sale under the securities or Blue Sky laws of such jurisdictions as you shall reasonably request.

(g)    To make generally available to the Company’s security holders and to you as soon as practicable an earning statement covering a period of at least twelve months beginning with the first fiscal quarter of the Company occurring after the date of this Agreement which shall satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.

(h)    Whether or not the transactions contemplated in this Agreement are consummated or this Agreement is terminated, to pay or cause to be paid all expenses incident to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement, including: (i) the fees, disbursements and expenses of the Company’s counsel and the Company’s accountants in connection with the issuance and sale of the Securities and all other fees or expenses in connection with the preparation of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus, any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of, used by, or referred to by the Company and any amendments and supplements to any of the foregoing, including all printing costs associated therewith, and the delivering of copies thereof to the Underwriter, in the quantities herein above specified, (ii) all costs and expenses related to the transfer and delivery of the Securities to the Underwriter, including any transfer or other taxes payable thereon, (iii) the cost of printing or producing any Blue Sky or legal investment memorandum in connection with the offer and sale of the Securities under state securities laws and all expenses in connection with the qualification of the Securities for offer and sale under state securities laws as provided in Section 6(f) hereof, including filing fees and the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel for the Underwriter in connection with such qualification and in connection with the Blue Sky or legal investment memorandum, (iv) all filing fees and the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel to the Underwriter incurred in connection with the review and qualification of the offering of the Securities by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, (v) any fees charged by rating agencies for the rating of the Securities, (vi) the fees and expenses, if any, incurred in connection with the listing of the Conversion Shares on the Exchange, (vii) the costs and charges of the Trustee and any transfer agent, registrar or depositary, (viii) the cost of the preparation, issuance and delivery of the Securities, (ix) the document production charges and expenses associated with printing this Agreement and (x) all other cost and expenses incident to the performance of the obligations of the Company hereunder for which provision is not otherwise made in this Section. It is understood, however, that except as provided in this Section, Section 8, and the last paragraph of Section 10, the Underwriter will pay all of their costs and expenses, including fees and disbursements of their counsel, any road show costs, transfer taxes payable on resale of any of the Securities by them and any advertising expenses connected with any offers they may make.

(i)    During the period of one year after the Closing Date, the Company will not be, nor will it become, an open-end investment company, unit investment trust or face-amount certificate company that is or is required to be registered under Section 8 of the Investment Company Act.

 

14


(j)    Not to take any action prohibited by Regulation M under the Exchange Act in connection with the distribution of the Securities contemplated hereby.

(k)    To cause to be listed, and maintain the listing of, the Conversion Shares on the Exchange, subject to official notice of issuance.

(l)    To reserve and keep available at all times, free of preemptive rights, the Conversion Shares.

(m)    The Company will deliver to the Underwriter (or its agent), on the date of execution of this Agreement, a properly completed and executed Certification Regarding Beneficial Owners of Legal Entity Customers, together with copies of identifying documentation, and the Company undertakes to provide such additional supporting documentation as the Underwriter may reasonably request in connection with the verification of the foregoing Certification.

The Company also agrees that, without the prior written consent of the Underwriter, it will not, during the period ending 60 days after the date of the Prospectus (the “Restricted Period”), (1) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or (2) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Common Stock, whether any such transaction described in clause (1) or (2) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise or publicly disclose the intention to engage in a transaction described in (1) or (2) above. The foregoing sentence shall not apply to (a) the sale of the Securities under this Agreement and the issuance of any Underlying Securities upon conversion thereof, (b) the issuance by the Company of any shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of an option or warrant or the conversion of a security outstanding on the date hereof of which the Underwriters have been advised in writing, (c) the issuance by the Company of shares of, or options to purchase shares of, Common Stock, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance stock units, or other equity awards to employees, officers, directors, advisors or consultants of the Company pursuant to employee benefit plans in effect on the date hereof and publicly filed with the Commission (the “Equity Plans”), (d) the vesting of or removal or lapse of restrictions on, or cancellation or forfeiture of, restricted stock units, restricted stock awards or other equity awards under the Equity Plans, or (e) the establishment of a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act for the transfer of shares of Common Stock, provided that (i) such plan does not provide for the transfer of Common Stock during the Restricted Period and (ii) to the extent a public announcement or filing under the Exchange Act, if any, is required of or voluntarily made by the Company regarding the establishment of such plan, such announcement or filing shall include a statement to the effect that no transfer of Common Stock may be made under such plan during the Restricted Period.

 

15


7.    Offering of Securities. The Underwriter covenants with the Company not to take any action that would result in the Company being required to file with the Commission under Rule 433(d) a free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of the Underwriter that otherwise would not be required to be filed by the Company thereunder, but for the action of the Underwriter.

8.    Indemnity and Contribution. (a) The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Underwriter, each person, if any, who controls the Underwriter within the meaning of either Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, and each affiliate of the Underwriter within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act from and against any and all losses, claims, damages and liabilities (including, without limitation, any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with defending or investigating any such action or claim) caused by any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement or any amendment thereof, any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, or the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, or caused by any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact necessary to make the statements therein in the light of the circumstances under which they were made not misleading, except insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities are caused by any such untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission based upon information relating to the Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by the Underwriter expressly for use therein.

(b)    The Underwriter agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its directors, its officers who sign the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of either Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act to the same extent as the foregoing indemnity from the Company to the Underwriter, but only with reference to information relating to the Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by the Underwriter expressly for use in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any issuer free writing prospectus, road show, or the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto; it being understood and agreed upon that the only such information furnished by the Underwriter consists of the following information in the Prospectus furnished on behalf of the Underwriter: (i) the third paragraph under the caption “Underwriting,” (ii) the second paragraph and the fourth sentence of the third paragraph under the caption “Underwriting—Contractual Transfer Restrictions and No Assurance of Liquidity” and (iii) the two paragraphs under the caption “Underwriting—Price Stabilization and Short Positions.”

(c)    In case any proceeding (including any governmental investigation) shall be instituted involving any person in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to Section 8(a) or 8(b), such person (the “indemnified party”) shall promptly notify the person against whom such indemnity may be sought (the “indemnifying party”) in writing and the indemnifying party, upon request of the indemnified party, shall retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party to represent the indemnified party and any other indemnified parties the indemnifying party may designate in such proceeding and shall pay the fees and disbursements of such counsel related to such proceeding. In any such proceeding, any indemnified party shall have the right to retain its own counsel, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such indemnified party unless (i) the indemnifying party and the indemnified party shall have mutually agreed in writing to the retention of such counsel or (ii) the named parties to any

 

16


such proceeding (including any impleaded parties) include both the indemnifying party and the indemnified party and representation of both parties by the same counsel would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interests between them. It is understood that the indemnifying party shall not, in respect of the legal expenses of any indemnified party in connection with any proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the fees and expenses of more than one separate firm (in addition to any local counsel) for all such indemnified parties and that all such fees and expenses shall be reimbursed as they are incurred. Such firm shall be designated in writing by Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, in the case of parties indemnified pursuant to Section 8(a), and by the Company, in the case of parties indemnified pursuant to
Section 8(b). The indemnifying party shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent, but if settled with such consent or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, the indemnifying party agrees to indemnify the indemnified party from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement or judgment. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, if at any time an indemnified party shall have requested an indemnifying party to reimburse the indemnified party for fees and expenses of counsel as contemplated by the second and third sentences of this paragraph, the indemnifying party agrees that it shall be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent if (i) such settlement is entered into more than 30 days after receipt by such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request and (ii) such indemnifying party shall not have reimbursed the indemnified party in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the indemnified party, effect any settlement of any pending or threatened proceeding in respect of which any indemnified party is or could have been a party and indemnity could have been sought hereunder by such indemnified party, unless such settlement includes an unconditional release of such indemnified party from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such proceeding and does not include any statement as to or any admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party.

(d)    To the extent the indemnification provided for in Section 8(a) or 8(b) is unavailable to an indemnified party or insufficient in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to therein, then each indemnifying party under such paragraph, in lieu of indemnifying such indemnified party thereunder, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriter on the other hand from the offering of the Securities or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause 8(d)(i) above is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause 8(d)(i) above but also the relative fault of the Company on the one hand and of the Underwriter on the other hand in connection with the statements or omissions that resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriter on the other hand in connection with the offering of the Securities shall be deemed to be in the same respective proportions as the net proceeds from the offering of the Securities (before deducting expenses) received by the Company and the total discounts and commissions

 

17


received by the Underwriter bear to the aggregate offering price of the Securities. The relative fault of the Company on the one hand and of the Underwriter on the other hand shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or by the Underwriter and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.

(e)    The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just or equitable if contribution pursuant to this § 8 were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation that does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in § 8(d). The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages and liabilities referred to in Section 8(d) shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth above, any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 8, the Underwriter shall not be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total price at which the Securities resold by it in the initial placement of such Securities were offered to investors exceeds the amount of any damages that the Underwriter has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The remedies provided for in this Section 8 are not exclusive and shall not limit any rights or remedies which may otherwise be available to any indemnified party at law or in equity.

(f)    The indemnity and contribution provisions contained in this Section 8 and the representations, warranties and other statements of the Company contained in this Agreement shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of (i) any termination of this Agreement, (ii) any investigation made by or on behalf of the Underwriter, any person controlling the Underwriter or any affiliate of the Underwriter or by or on behalf of the Company, its officers or directors or any person controlling the Company and (iii) acceptance of and payment for any of the Securities.

9.    Termination. The Underwriter may terminate this Agreement by notice given by the Underwriter to the Company, if after the execution and delivery of this Agreement and prior to the Closing Date (i) trading generally shall have been suspended or materially limited on, or by, as the case may be, any of the Exchange, the NYSE MKT, the NASDAQ Global Market, the Chicago Board of Options Exchange, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange or the Chicago Board of Trade or other relevant exchanges, (ii) trading of any securities of the Company shall have been suspended on any exchange or in any over-the-counter market, (iii) a material disruption in securities settlement, payment or clearance services in the United States shall have occurred, (iv) any moratorium on commercial banking activities shall have been declared by Federal or New York State authorities or (v) there shall have occurred any outbreak or escalation of hostilities, or any change in financial markets or any calamity or crisis that, in your judgment, is material and adverse and which, singly or together with any other event specified in this clause (v), makes it,

 

18


in your judgment, impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offer, sale or delivery of the Securities on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus.

10.    Effectiveness; Defaulting Underwriter. This Agreement shall become effective upon the execution and delivery hereof by the parties hereto.

If, on the Closing Date the Underwriter shall fail or refuse to purchase Securities which it has agreed to purchase hereunder on such date and the aggregate principal amount of Securities with respect to which such default occurs is more than one-tenth of the aggregate principal amount of Securities to be purchased on such date, and arrangements satisfactory to you and the Company for the purchase of such Securities are not made within 36 hours after such default, this Agreement shall terminate without liability on the part of the Company. In any such case either you or the Company shall have the right to postpone the Closing Date, but in no event for longer than seven days, in order that the required changes, if any, in the Registration Statement, in the Time of Sale Prospectus, in the Prospectus or in any other documents or arrangements may be effected. Any action taken under this paragraph shall not relieve the Underwriter from liability in respect of any default of the Underwriter under this Agreement.

If this Agreement shall be terminated by the Underwriter because of any failure or refusal on the part of the Company to comply with the terms or to fulfill any of the conditions of this Agreement, or if for any reason the Company shall be unable to perform its obligations under this Agreement, the Company will reimburse the Underwriter for all out-of-pocket expenses (including the fees and disbursements of its counsel) reasonably incurred by the Underwriter in connection with this Agreement or the offering contemplated hereunder.

11.    Entire Agreement. (a) This Agreement, together with any contemporaneous written agreements and any prior written agreements (to the extent not superseded by this Agreement) that relate to the offering of the Securities, represents the entire agreement between the Company and the Underwriter with respect to the preparation of any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus, the conduct of the offering, and the purchase and sale of the Securities.

(b)    The Company acknowledges that in connection with the offering of the Securities: (i) the Underwriter has acted at arms’ length, are is not an agent of, and owes no fiduciary duties to, the Company or any other person, (ii) the Underwriter owes the Company only those duties and obligations set forth in this Agreement and prior written agreements (to the extent not superseded by this Agreement) if any, and (iii) the Underwriter may have interests that differ from those of the Company. The Company waives to the full extent permitted by applicable law any claims it may have against the Underwriter arising from an alleged breach of fiduciary duty in connection with the offering of the Securities.

12.    Recognition of the U.S. Special Resolution Regimes. (a) In the event that the Underwriter is a Covered Entity and becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, the transfer from the Underwriter of this Agreement, and any interest and obligation in or under this Agreement, will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement, and any such interest and obligation, were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United State.

 

19


(b)    In the event that the Underwriter that is a Covered Entity or a BHC Act Affiliate of the Underwriter and becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, Default Rights under this Agreement that may be exercised against the Underwriter are permitted to be exercised to no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.

For purposes of this Section a “BHC Act Affiliate” has the meaning assigned to the term “affiliate” in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. § 1841(k). “Covered Entity” means any of the following: (i) a “covered entity” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 252.82(b); (ii) a “covered bank” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 47.3(b); or (iii) a “covered FSI” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 382.2(b). “Default Right” has the meaning assigned to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. §§ 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as applicable. “U.S. Special Resolution Regime” means each of (i) the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder and (ii) Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

13.    Counterparts. This Agreement may be signed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument.

14.    Applicable Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York.

15.    Headings. The headings of the sections of this Agreement have been inserted for convenience of reference only and shall not be deemed a part of this Agreement.

16.    Notices. All communications hereunder shall be in writing and effective only upon receipt and if to the Underwriter shall be delivered, mailed or sent to you at 1585 Broadway, New York, New York 10036, Attention: Convertible Debt Syndicate Desk, with a copy to the Legal Department; and if to the Company shall be delivered, mailed or sent to 8x8, Inc., 2125 O’Nel Drive, San Jose, California 95131, Attention: General Counsel, with an e-mail copy to: legal-notices@8x8.com.

[Signature page follows]

 

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Very truly yours,
8x8, Inc.
By:  

     

  Name: Steven Gatoff
  Title:   Chief Financial Officer

 

Accepted as of the date hereof

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

as sole Underwriter

By:   Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC
By:  

     

  Name:
  Title:

 

 

[Signature Page to Underwriting Agreement]


SCHEDULE I

 

Underwriters:   

Underwriter authorized to release lock-up under Section 2:

   Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

Underwriter authorized to appoint counsel under Section 9(c):

   Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC
Indenture:   

Indenture dated as of February 19, 2019 between the Company and the Trustee

Trustee:    Wilmington Trust, National Association
Registration Statement File No.:    333-[ ● ]
Time of Sale Prospectus   

Preliminary Prospectus dated November [ ● ], 2019 relating to the Securities

Securities to be purchased:    0.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024
Aggregate Principal Amount:    $75,000,000
Purchase Price:   

[ ● ]% of the principal amount of the Securities, plus accrued interest from August 1, 2019

Maturity:    February 1, 2024
Interest Rate:    0.50% per annum, accruing from August 1, 2019
Interest Payment Dates:    February 1 and August 1, commencing February 1, 2020
Closing Date and Time:    November [ ● ], 2019 10:00 a.m.
Closing Location:    Latham & Watkins LLP
885 Third Avenue
New York, New York 10022
Address for Notices to Underwriters:   

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

1585 Broadway, New York, New York 10036, Attention: Convertible Debt Syndicate Desk

Address for Notices to the Company:    8x8, Inc., 2125 O’Nel Drive, San Jose, California 95131, Attention: Matthew Zinn

 

I-1


EXHIBIT A

FORM OF LOCK-UP LETTER

            , 2019

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

1585 Broadway

New York, NY 10036

Ladies and Gentlemen:

The undersigned understands that Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (“Morgan Stanley”) proposes to enter into an Underwriting Agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with 8x8, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), providing for the offering (the “Offering”) by the several Underwriters, including Morgan Stanley (the “Underwriters”), of Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (the “Securities”). The Securities will be convertible into cash, shares of common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”) or a combination of cash and Common Stock, at the Company’s election.

To induce the Underwriters that may participate in the Offering to continue their efforts in connection with the Offering, the undersigned hereby agrees that, without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley on behalf of the Underwriters, it will not, during the period commencing on the date hereof and ending [30]1[60]2 days after the date of the final prospectus (the “Restricted Period”) relating to the Offering (the “Prospectus”), (1) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of Common Stock beneficially owned (as such term is used in Rule 13d-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), by the undersigned or any other securities so owned convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or (2) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Common Stock, whether any such transaction described in clause (1) or (2) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise or publicly disclose the intention to engage in a transaction described in (1) or (2) above. The foregoing sentence shall not apply to:

(a)    transfers of shares of Common Stock or any security convertible into Common Stock as a bona fide gift;

(b)    transfers of shares of Common Stock or any security convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock by will or intestate succession to the undersigned’s

 

1 

To be used in lock-up agreements signed by directors and executive officers.

2 

To be used in lock-up agreement signed by the Company.

 

Exhibit A-1


spouse, domestic partner, parent, sibling, child or grandchild (collectively, “immediate family”) or to a trust formed for the benefit of the undersigned or members of the undersigned’s immediate family;

(c)    if the undersigned is a trust, to a trustor or beneficiary of the trust; provided that in the case of any transfer or distribution pursuant to clause (a), (b) or (c): (i) each donee, distributee or transferee shall sign and deliver a lock-up letter substantially in the form of this letter; and (ii) no filing under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, reporting a reduction in beneficial ownership of shares of Common Stock, shall be required or shall be voluntarily made during the Restricted Period;

(d)    (i) the receipt by the undersigned from the Company of shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of options, insofar as such option is outstanding as of the date of the Prospectus, (ii) the transfer of shares of Common Stock to the Company (x) upon the vesting of restricted stock units or performance stock units that vest during the Restricted Period or (y) upon the exercise of options to purchase the Company’s Common Stock on a “cashless” or “net exercise” or “net issuance” basis to cover tax withholding obligations of the undersigned in connection with such vesting or exercise, or (iii) to the extent a transfer to the Company to cover tax withholding obligations of the undersigned in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units or performance stock units described in clause (ii)(x) is not available, the sale of shares of Common Stock underlying such restricted stock units or performance stock units to cover the payment of tax withholding obligations upon the vesting of such awards, provided that: in the case of (i), the shares received upon exercise of the option are subject to this lock-up letter; in the case of clause (ii)(y), such transfers or sales of Common Stock are designated by the Company to be part of an aggregate of 100,000 shares of Common Stock held by officers and directors of the Company that may be subject to any transaction described in clause (ii)(y) without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley; and in the case of (ii) and (iii), any required filing under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act shall clearly indicate in the footnotes thereto that such transfer or sale was to cover tax withholding obligations of the undersigned in connection with such vesting or exercise;

(e)    the establishment of a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act (a “10b5-1 Plan”) for the transfer of shares of Common Stock, provided that (i) such plan does not provide for the transfer of Common Stock during the Restricted Period and (ii) to the extent a public announcement or filing under the Exchange Act, if any, is required of or voluntarily made by or on behalf of the undersigned or the Company regarding the establishment of such plan, such announcement or filing shall include a statement to the effect that no transfer of Common Stock may be made under such plan during the Restricted Period;

(f)    sales of Common Stock made pursuant to a 10b5-1 Plan that has been entered into by the undersigned prior to the date of this agreement and provided to Morgan Stanley, provided that any public announcement or filing under the Exchange Act regarding any such sales shall include a statement to the effect that any sales were effected pursuant to such 10b5-1 Plan; or

(g)    the transfer of shares of Common Stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock that occurs solely by operation of law or by order of a court of competent jurisdiction, provided that the transferee shall sign and deliver a lock-up letter substantially in the form of this letter and that any filing pursuant to Section 16(a) of the

 

Exhibit A-2


Exchange Act shall indicate that such transfer was pursuant to operation of law or court order; provided further that no party, including the undersigned, shall otherwise voluntarily effect any public filing, report or announcement of such transfer.

In addition, the undersigned agrees that, without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley on behalf of the Underwriters, the undersigned will not, during the Restricted Period, make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to, the registration of any shares of Common Stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock. The undersigned also agrees and consents to the entry of stop transfer instructions with the Company’s transfer agent and registrar against the transfer of the undersigned’s shares of Common Stock except in compliance with the foregoing restrictions.

The undersigned understands that the Company and the Underwriters are relying upon this letter in proceeding toward consummation of the Offering. The undersigned further understands that this letter is irrevocable and shall be binding upon the undersigned’s heirs, legal representatives, successors and assigns.

If the Underwriting Agreement does not become effective by December 31, 2019, or if the Underwriting Agreement (other than the provisions thereof which survive termination) shall terminate or be terminated prior to payment for and delivery of the Securities to be sold thereunder, the undersigned shall be released from all obligations under this letter.

This letter and any claim, controversy or dispute arising under or related to this letter shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, without regard to the conflict of laws principles thereof.

Whether or not the Offering actually occurs depends on a number of factors, including market conditions. Any Offering will only be made pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, the terms of which are subject to negotiation between the Company and the Underwriters.

[Signature page follows]

 

Exhibit A-3


Very truly yours,
IF AN INDIVIDUAL:
By:                                                                    
            (duly authorized signature)
Name:                                                               
            (please print full name)
Date:                                                                
IF AN ENTITY:
                                                                        
(please print complete name of entity)
By:                                                                   
            (duly authorized signature)
Name:                                                              
            (please print full name)
Date:                                                                

 

Exhibit A-4

EX-4.3

Exhibit 4.3

CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE*

 

Trust Indenture Act Section

   Indenture Section
310(a)(1)      7.08
      (a)(2)      7.08
      (a)(3)      7.08
      (a)(4)      7.08
      (a)(5)      7.08
      (b)      7.08, 7.09
311(a)      **
      (b)      **
312(a)      5.01, 5.02
      (b)      **
      (c)      **
313(a)      **
      (b)(1)      N.A.
      (b)(2)      **
      (c)      17.03
      (d)      **
314(a)(1)      4.06
      (a)(2) and (3)      **
      (a)(4)      4.08
      (b)      N.A.
      (c)      17.05
      (d)      N.A.
      (e)      17.05
      (f)      N.A.
315(a)      7.01(a)
      (b)      6.10
      (c)      7.01
      (d)      7.01
      (e)      6.11
316(a)(last sentence)      8.04
      (a)(1)      6.09
      (a)(2)      N.A.
      (b)      6.06, 6.09
      (c)      8.01
317(a)      6.04
      (b)      4.04
318(a)      **
      (b)      **
      (c)      **

 

*

This Cross-Reference Table does not constitute part of the Indenture and shall not have any bearing on the interpretation of any of its terms or provisions.

**

Deemed to govern under Section 318(c) of the TIA, which provides that the provisions of Sections 310 to and including Section 317 of the TIA are a part of and govern every qualified indenture, whether or not physically contained therein.

N.A. means not applicable.

EX-5.1

Exhibit 5.1

SKADDEN, ARPS, SLATE, MEAGHER & FLOM LLP

FOUR TIMES SQUARE

NEW YORK 10036-6522

 

 

TEL: (212) 735-3000

FAX: (212) 735-2000

www.skadden.com

November 18, 2019

8x8, Inc.

2125 O’Nel Drive

San Jose, California 95131

 

  Re:

8x8, Inc.

Registration Statement on Form S-3

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have acted as special counsel to 8x8, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the public offering of $75,000,000 aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 0.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (the “Notes”) to be issued under the Indenture, dated as of February 19, 2019 (the “Indenture”), between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”).

This opinion is being furnished in accordance with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).

In rendering the opinions stated herein, we have examined and relied upon the following:

(a)    the registration statement on Form S-3 of the Company relating to the Notes and the common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Common Stock”), of the Company issuable upon conversion of the Notes (such shares of Common Stock together with the Notes, the “Securities”) in the form to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) on the date hereof under the Securities Act allowing for delayed offerings pursuant to Rule 415 of the General Rules and Regulations under the Securities Act (the “Rules and Regulations”), including the information deemed to be a part of the registration statement pursuant to Rule 430B of the Rules and Regulations (such registration statement being hereinafter referred to as the “Registration Statement”);


8x8, Inc.

November 18, 2019

Page 2

 

(b)    a form of the Underwriting Agreement to be filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement (the “Underwriting Agreement”), between the Company and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (the “Underwriter”), relating to the sale by the Company to the Underwriter of the Securities;

(c)    an executed copy of the Indenture;

(d)    the form of global certificates evidencing the Notes (the “Note Certificates”) in the form attached to the Indenture;

(e)    an executed copy of a certificate of Matthew Zinn, Secretary of the Company, dated the date hereof (the “Secretarys Certificate”);

(f)    a copy of the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as in effect as of January 23, 2019 and the date hereof, certified by the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware as of October 28, 2019, and certified pursuant to the Secretary’s Certificate;

(g)    a copy of the Company’s By-laws, as amended and in effect as of January 23, 2019 and the date hereof, certified pursuant to the Secretary’s Certificate; and

(h)    copies of certain resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company, adopted on January 23, 2019 and October 24, 2019, certified pursuant to the Secretary’s Certificate.

We have also examined originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of such records of the Company and such agreements, certificates and receipts of public officials, certificates of officers or other representatives of the Company and others, and such other documents as we have deemed necessary or appropriate as a basis for the opinions stated below.

In our examination, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, including endorsements, the legal capacity and competency of all natural persons, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as facsimile, electronic, certified or photocopied copies, and the authenticity of the originals of such copies. As to any facts relevant to the opinions stated herein that we did not independently establish or verify, we have relied upon statements and representations of officers and other representatives of the Company and others and of public officials, including those in the Secretary’s Certificate and the factual representations and warranties contained in the Underwriting Agreement.


8x8, Inc.

November 18, 2019

Page 3

 

We do not express any opinion with respect to the laws of any jurisdiction other than (i) the laws, of the State of New York and (ii) the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”) (all of the foregoing being referred to as “Opined-on Law”).

As used herein, (a) “Transaction Agreements” means the Underwriting Agreement, the Indenture and the Note Certificates and (b) “Organizational Documents” means those documents listed in paragraphs (f) and (g) above.

Based upon the foregoing and subject to the qualifications and assumptions stated herein, we are of the opinion that when: (a) the Trustee is qualified to act as Trustee under the Indenture and the Company has filed Form T-1 for the Trustee with the Commission; (b) the Indenture has been duly qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended; (c) the Pricing Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Pricing Committee”) has taken all necessary corporate action to approve the issuance and terms of the Notes, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters; and (d) the Note Certificates have been duly executed, authenticated, issued and delivered in accordance with the provisions of the Indenture and the Underwriting Agreement approved by the Pricing Committee, upon payment of the consideration therefor provided for therein:

1.    The Note Certificates will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms under the laws of the State of New York.

2.    The shares of Common Stock initially issuable upon conversion of the Notes pursuant to the Indenture (the “Conversion Shares”), when issued upon conversion of the Notes in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free and clear of any preemptive or similar rights arising under the DGCL or the Company’s Organizational Documents. The resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company approving the issuance of the Securities state that they have reserved the Conversion Shares for issuance.

The opinions stated herein are subject to the following qualifications:

(a)    the opinions stated herein are limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, fraudulent transfer, preference and other similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, and by general principles of equity (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in equity or at law);

(b)    we do not express any opinion with respect to any law, rule or regulation that is applicable to any party to any of the Transaction Agreements or the transactions contemplated thereby solely because such law, rule or regulation is part of a regulatory regime applicable to any such party or any of its affiliates as a result of the specific assets or business operations of such party or such affiliates;

(c)    except to the extent expressly stated in the opinions contained herein, we have assumed that each of the Transaction Agreements constitutes the valid and binding obligation of each party to such Transaction Agreement, enforceable against such party in accordance with its terms;

(d)    we do not express any opinion with respect to the enforceability of any provision contained in any Transaction Agreement relating to any indemnification, contribution, exculpation, release or waiver that may be contrary to public policy or violative of federal or state securities laws, rules or regulations;


8x8, Inc.

November 18, 2019

Page 4

 

(e)    we call to your attention that irrespective of the agreement of the parties to any Transaction Agreement, a court may decline to hear a case on grounds of forum non conveniens or other doctrine limiting the availability of such court as a forum for resolution of disputes; in addition, we call to your attention that we do not express any opinion with respect to the subject matter jurisdiction of the federal courts of the United States of America in any action arising out of or relating to any Transaction Agreement;

(f)    to the extent that any opinion relates to the enforceability of the choice of New York law and choice of New York forum provisions contained in any Transaction Agreement, the opinions stated herein are subject to the qualification that such enforceability may be subject to, in each case, (i) the exceptions and limitations in New York General Obligations Law sections 5-1401 and 5-1402 and (ii) principles of comity or constitutionality; and

(g)    in connection with rendering the opinion set forth in paragraph 2, we draw your attention to Section 630 of the New York Business Corporation Law (the “NYBCL”). Section 630 may impose liability for unpaid debts, wages or salaries owing to employees for services performed by them on the ten largest shareholders of (i) corporations organized under the laws of the State of New York or (ii) corporations organized under the laws of other jurisdictions when the unpaid services were performed in the State of New York. NYBCL § 630 does not apply to a corporation that has shares listed on a national securities exchange or regularly quoted in an over-the-counter market. We have assumed that § 630 of the NYBCL does not presently apply to the Company and that such section will continue to be inapplicable to the Company.

In addition, in rendering the foregoing opinions we have assumed that, at all applicable times:

(a)    the Company (i) was duly incorporated and was validly existing and in good standing, (ii) had requisite legal status and legal capacity under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization and (iii) has complied and will comply with all aspects of the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization in connection with the transactions contemplated by, and the performance of its obligations under, the Transaction Agreements;

(b)    the Company had the corporate power and authority to execute, deliver and perform all its obligations under each of the Transaction Agreements;

(c)    each of the Transaction Agreements to which the Company had been duly authorized, executed and delivered by all requisite corporate action on the part of the Company;

(d)    neither the execution and delivery by the Company of the Transaction Agreements nor the performance by the Company of its obligations thereunder, including the issuance and sale of the Securities: (i) conflicted or will conflict with the


8x8, Inc.

November 18, 2019

Page 5

 

Organizational Documents, (ii) constituted or will constitute a violation of, or a default under, any lease, indenture, instrument or other agreement to which the Company or its property is subject (except that we do not make the assumption set forth in this clause (ii) with respect to those agreements or instruments which are listed in Part II of the Registration Statement or in the exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K), (iii) contravened or will contravene any order or decree of any governmental authority to which the Company or its property is subject, or (iv) violated or will violate any law, rule or regulation to which the Company or its property is subject (except that we do not make the assumption set forth in this clause (iv) with respect to the Opined-on Law); and

(e)    neither the execution and delivery by the Company of the Transaction Agreements nor the performance by the Company of its obligations thereunder, including the issuance and sale of the Securities, required or will require the consent, approval, licensing or authorization of, or any filing, recording or registration with, any governmental authority under any law, rule or regulation of any jurisdiction.

We hereby consent to the reference to our firm under the heading “Legal Matters” in the preliminary prospectus, dated November 18, 2019, relating to the offering of the Securities, which forms a part of and is included in the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the Rules and Regulations. We also hereby consent to the filing of this opinion with the Commission as an exhibit to the Registration Statement being filed on the date hereof. This opinion is expressed as of the date hereof unless otherwise expressly stated, and we disclaim any undertaking to advise you of any subsequent changes in the facts stated or assumed herein or of any subsequent changes in applicable laws.

 

Very truly yours,
/s/ Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP
EX-23.1

Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form S-3 of 8x8, Inc. of our report dated May 21, 2019, relating to the consolidated financial statements of 8x8, Inc. (which report expresses an unqualified opinion and includes an explanatory paragraph relating to the adoption of Accounting Standards Codification Topic No. 606) and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of 8x8, Inc., included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of 8x8, Inc. for the year ended March 31, 2019, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and to the reference to our firm under the caption “Experts” in the Prospectus that is part of this Registration Statement.

 

/s/ Moss Adams LLP

San Francisco, California

November 18, 2019

EX-25.1

Exhibit 25.1

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM T-1

 

 

 

Check if an Application to Determine Eligibility of a Trustee Pursuant to Section 305(b)(2)

 

 

WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

(Exact name of trustee as specified in its charter)

 

 

16-1486454

(I.R.S. employer identification no.)

1100 North Market Street

Wilmington, DE 19890-0001

(Address of principal executive offices)

Karin Meis

Vice President

1100 North Market Street

Wilmington, Delaware 19890-0001

(302) 651-8311

(Name, address and telephone number of agent for service)

 

 

8x8, Inc.

(Exact name of obligor as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   77-0142404

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

2125 O’Nel Drive

San Jose, California 95131

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

0.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024

(Title of the indenture securities)

 

 

 


ITEM 1. GENERAL INFORMATION.

Furnish the following information as to the trustee:

 

  (a)

Name and address of each examining or supervising authority to which it is subject.

Comptroller of Currency, Washington, D.C.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Washington, D.C.

 

  (b)

Whether it is authorized to exercise corporate trust powers.

The trustee is authorized to exercise corporate trust powers.

ITEM 2. AFFILIATIONS WITH THE OBLIGOR.

If the obligor is an affiliate of the trustee, describe each affiliation:

Based upon an examination of the books and records of the trustee and information available to the trustee, the obligor is not an affiliate of the trustee.

ITEM 3 – 15. Not applicable.

ITEM 16. LIST OF EXHIBITS.

Listed below are all exhibits filed as part of this Statement of Eligibility and Qualification.

 

  1.

A copy of the Charter for Wilmington Trust, National Association.

 

  2.

The authority of Wilmington Trust, National Association to commence business was granted under the Charter for Wilmington Trust, National Association, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1 above.

 

  3.

The authorization to exercise corporate trust powers was granted under the Charter for Wilmington Trust, National Association, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1 above.

 

  4.

A copy of the existing By-Laws of Trustee, as now in effect, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4of this Form T-1.

 

  5.

Not applicable.

 

  6.

The consent of Wilmington Trust, National Association as required by Section 321(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, attached hereto as Exhibit 6 of this Form T-1.

 

  7.

Current Report of the Condition of Wilmington Trust, National Association, published pursuant to law or the requirements of its supervising or examining authority, attached hereto as Exhibit 7 of this Form T-1.

 

  8.

Not applicable.

 

  9.

Not applicable.


SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, the trustee, Wilmington Trust, National Association, a national banking association organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, has duly caused this Statement of Eligibility to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, all in the City of Minneapolis and State of Minnesota on the 18th day of November, 2019.

 

WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
By:  

/s/ Barry D. Somrock

Name:   Barry D. Somrock
Title:   Vice President


EXHIBIT 1

CHARTER OF WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION


ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

OF

WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

For the purpose of organizing an association to perform any lawful activities of national banks, the undersigned do enter into the following articles of association:

FIRST.    The title of this association shall be Wilmington Trust, National Association.

SECOND.    The main office of the association shall be in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware. The general business of the association shall be conducted at its main office and its branches.

THIRD.    The board of directors of this association shall consist of not less than five nor more than twenty-five persons, unless the OCC has exempted the bank from the 25-member limit. The exact number is to be fixed and determined from time to time by resolution of a majority of the full board of directors or by resolution of a majority of the shareholders at any annual or special meeting thereof. Each director shall own common or preferred stock of the association or of a holding company owning the association, with an aggregate par, fair market or equity value $1,000. Determination of these values may be based as of either (i) the date of purchase or (ii) the date the person became a director, whichever value is greater. Any combination of common or preferred stock of the association or holding company may be used.

Any vacancy in the board of directors may be filled by action of a majority of the remaining directors between meetings of shareholders. The board of directors may not increase the number of directors between meetings of shareholders to a number which:

 

  1)

exceeds by more than two the number of directors last elected by shareholders where the number was 15 or less; or

 

  2)

exceeds by more than four the number of directors last elected by shareholders where the number was 16 or more, but in no event shall the number of directors exceed 25, unless the OCC has exempted the bank from the 25-member limit.

Directors shall be elected for terms of one year and until their successors are elected and qualified. Terms of directors, including directors selected to fill vacancies, shall expire at the next regular meeting of shareholders at which directors are elected, unless the directors resign or are removed from office. Despite the expiration of a director’s term, the director shall continue to serve until his or her successor is elected and qualifies or until there is a decrease in the number of directors and his or her position is eliminated.

Honorary or advisory members of the board of directors, without voting power or power of final decision in matters concerning the business of the association, may be appointed by resolution of a majority of the full board of directors, or by resolution of shareholders at any annual or special meeting. Honorary or advisory directors shall not be counted to determine the number of directors of the association or the presence of a quorum in connection with any board action, and shall not be required to own qualifying shares.


FOURTH.    There shall be an annual meeting of the shareholders to elect directors and transact whatever other business may be brought before the meeting. It shall be held at the main office or any other convenient place the board of directors may designate, on the day of each year specified therefor in the bylaws, or, if that day falls on a legal holiday in the state in which the association is located, on the next following banking day. If no election is held on the day fixed, or in the event of a legal holiday on the following banking day, an election may be held on any subsequent day within 60 days of the day fixed, to be designated by the board of directors, or, if the directors fail to fix the day, by shareholders representing two-thirds of the shares issued and outstanding. In all cases at least 10 days advance notice of the time, place and purpose of a shareholders’ meeting shall be given to the shareholders by first class mail, unless the OCC determines that an emergency circumstance exists. The sole shareholder of the bank is permitted to waive notice of the shareholders’ meeting.

In all elections of directors, the number of votes each common shareholder may cast will be determined by multiplying the number of shares such shareholder owns by the number of directors to be elected. Those votes may be cumulated and cast for a single candidate or may be distributed among two or more candidates in the manner selected by the shareholder. If, after the first ballot, subsequent ballots are necessary to elect directors, a shareholder may not vote shares that he or she has already fully cumulated and voted in favor of a successful candidate. On all other questions, each common shareholder shall be entitled to one vote for each share of stock held by him or her.

Nominations for election to the board of directors may be made by the board of directors or by any stockholder of any outstanding class of capital stock of the association entitled to vote for election of directors. Nominations other than those made by or on behalf of the existing management shall be made in writing and be delivered or mailed to the president of the association not less than 14 days nor more than 50 days prior to any meeting of shareholders called for the election of directors; provided, however, that if less than 21 days notice of the meeting is given to shareholders, such nominations shall be mailed or delivered to the president of the association not later than the close of business on the seventh day following the day on which the notice of meeting was mailed. Such notification shall contain the following information to the extent known to the notifying shareholder:

 

  1)

The name and address of each proposed nominee.

 

  2)

The principal occupation of each proposed nominee.

 

  3)

The total number of shares of capital stock of the association that will be voted for each proposed nominee.

 

  4)

The name and residence address of the notifying shareholder.

 

  5)

The number of shares of capital stock of the association owned by the notifying shareholder.

Nominations not made in accordance herewith may, in his/her discretion, be disregarded by the chairperson of the meeting, and the vote tellers may disregard all votes cast for each such nominee. No bylaw may unreasonably restrict the nomination of directors by shareholders.

A director may resign at any time by delivering written notice to the board of directors, its chairperson, or to the association, which resignation shall be effective when the notice is delivered unless the notice specifies a later effective date.

A director may be removed by shareholders at a meeting called to remove the director, when notice of the meeting stating that the purpose or one of the purposes is to remove the director is provided, if there is a failure to fulfill one of the affirmative requirements for qualification, or for cause; provided, however, that a director may not be removed if the number of votes sufficient to elect the director under cumulative voting is voted against the director’s removal.


FIFTH.     The authorized amount of capital stock of this association shall be ten thousand shares of common stock of the par value of one hundred dollars ($100) each; but said capital stock may be increased or decreased from time to time, according to the provisions of the laws of the United States.

No holder of shares of the capital stock of any class of the association shall have any preemptive or preferential right of subscription to any shares of any class of stock of the association, whether now or hereafter authorized, or to any obligations convertible into stock of the association, issued, or sold, nor any right of subscription to any thereof other than such, if any, as the board of directors, in its discretion, may from time to time determine and at such price as the board of directors may from time to time fix. Preemptive rights also must be approved by a vote of holders of two-thirds of the bank’s outstanding voting shares. Unless otherwise specified in these articles of association or required by law, (1) all matters requiring shareholder action, including amendments to the articles of association, must be approved by shareholders owning a majority voting interest in the outstanding voting stock, and (2) each shareholder shall be entitled to one vote per share.

Unless otherwise specified in these articles of association or required by law, all shares of voting stock shall be voted together as a class, on any matters requiring shareholder approval. If a proposed amendment would affect two or more classes or series in the same or a substantially similar way, all the classes or series so affected must vote together as a single voting group on the proposed amendment.

Shares of one class or series may be issued as a dividend for shares of the same class or series on a pro rata basis and without consideration. Shares of one class or series may be issued as share dividends for a different class or series of stock if approved by a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the class or series to be issued, unless there are no outstanding shares of the class or series to be issued. Unless otherwise provided by the board of directors, the record date for determining shareholders entitled to a share dividend shall be the date authorized by the board of directors for the share dividend.

Unless otherwise provided in the bylaws, the record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at any meeting is the close of business on the day before the first notice is mailed or otherwise sent to the shareholders, provided that in no event may a record date be more than 70 days before the meeting.

If a shareholder is entitled to fractional shares pursuant to a stock dividend, consolidation or merger, reverse stock split or otherwise, the association may: (a) issue fractional shares; (b) in lieu of the issuance of fractional shares, issue script or warrants entitling the holder to receive a full share upon surrendering enough script or warrants to equal a full share; (c) if there is an established and active market in the association’s stock, make reasonable arrangements to provide the shareholder with an opportunity to realize a fair price through sale of the fraction, or purchase of the additional fraction required for a full share; (d) remit the cash equivalent of the fraction to the shareholder; or (e) sell full shares representing all the fractions at public auction or to the highest bidder after having solicited and received sealed bids from at least three licensed stock brokers; and distribute the proceeds pro rata to shareholders who otherwise would be entitled to the fractional shares. The holder of a fractional share is entitled to exercise the rights for shareholder, including the right to vote, to receive dividends, and to participate in the assets of the association upon liquidation, in proportion to the fractional interest. The holder of script or warrants is not entitled to any of these rights unless the script or warrants explicitly provide for such rights. The script or warrants may be subject to such additional conditions as: (1) that the script or warrants will become void if not exchanged for full shares before a specified date; and (2) that the shares for which the script or warrants are exchangeable may be sold at the option of the association and the proceeds paid to scriptholders.


The association, at any time and from time to time, may authorize and issue debt obligations, whether or not subordinated, without the approval of the shareholders. Obligations classified as debt, whether or not subordinated, which may be issued by the association without the approval of shareholders, do not carry voting rights on any issue, including an increase or decrease in the aggregate number of the securities, or the exchange or reclassification of all or part of securities into securities of another class or series.

SIXTH.     The board of directors shall appoint one of its members president of this association, and one of its members chairperson of the board and shall have the power to appoint one or more vice presidents, a secretary who shall keep minutes of the directors’ and shareholders’ meetings and be responsible for authenticating the records of the association, and such other officers and employees as may be required to transact the business of this association.

A duly appointed officer may appoint one or more officers or assistant officers if authorized by the board of directors in accordance with the bylaws.

The board of directors shall have the power to:

 

  1)

Define the duties of the officers, employees, and agents of the association.

 

  2)

Delegate the performance of its duties, but not the responsibility for its duties, to the officers, employees, and agents of the association.

 

  3)

Fix the compensation and enter into employment contracts with its officers and employees upon reasonable terms and conditions consistent with applicable law.

 

  4)

Dismiss officers and employees.

 

  5)

Require bonds from officers and employees and to fix the penalty thereof.

 

  6)

Ratify written policies authorized by the association’s management or committees of the board.

 

  7)

Regulate the manner in which any increase or decrease of the capital of the association shall be made, provided that nothing herein shall restrict the power of shareholders to increase or decrease the capital of the association in accordance with law, and nothing shall raise or lower from two-thirds the percentage required for shareholder approval to increase or reduce the capital.

 

  8)

Manage and administer the business and affairs of the association.

 

  9)

Adopt initial bylaws, not inconsistent with law or the articles of association, for managing the business and regulating the affairs of the association.

 

  10)

Amend or repeal bylaws, except to the extent that the articles of association reserve this power in whole or in part to shareholders.

 

  11)

Make contracts.

 

  12)

Generally perform all acts that are legal for a board of directors to perform.

SEVENTH.    The board of directors shall have the power to change the location of the main office to any other place within the limits of Wilmington, Delaware, without the approval of the shareholders, or with a vote of shareholders owning two-thirds of the stock of such association for a relocation outside such limits and upon receipt of a certificate of approval from the Comptroller of the Currency, to any other location within or outside the limits of Wilmington Delaware, but not more than 30 miles beyond such limits. The board of directors shall have the power to establish or change the location of any branch or branches of the association to any other location permitted under applicable law, without approval of shareholders, subject to approval by the Comptroller of the Currency.


EIGHTH.    The corporate existence of this association shall continue until termination according to the laws of the United States.

NINTH.    The board of directors of this association, or any one or more shareholders owning, in the aggregate, not less than 50 percent of the stock of this association, may call a special meeting of shareholders at any time. Unless otherwise provided by the bylaws or the laws of the United States, a notice of the time, place, and purpose of every annual and special meeting of the shareholders shall be given at least 10 days prior to the meeting by first-class mail, unless the OCC determines that an emergency circumstance exists. If the association is a wholly-owned subsidiary, the sole shareholder may waive notice of the shareholders’ meeting. Unless otherwise provided by the bylaws or these articles, any action requiring approval of shareholders must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting.

TENTH.    For purposes of this Article Tenth, the term “institution-affiliated party” shall mean any institution-affiliated party of the association as such term is defined in 12 U.S.C. 1813(u).

Any institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) may be indemnified or reimbursed by the association for reasonable expenses actually incurred in connection with any threatened, pending or completed actions or proceedings and appeals therein, whether civil, criminal, governmental, administrative or investigative, in accordance with and to the fullest extent permitted by law, as such law now or hereafter exists; provided, however, that when an administrative proceeding or action instituted by a federal banking agency results in a final order or settlement pursuant to which such person: (i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from office or prohibited from participating in the conduct of the affairs of the association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist from or to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C. 1818(b) with respect to the association, then the association shall require the repayment of all legal fees and expenses advanced pursuant to the next succeeding paragraph and may not indemnify such institution-affiliated parties (or their heirs, executors or administrators) for expenses, including expenses for legal fees, penalties or other payments incurred. The association shall provide indemnification in connection with an action or proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) only if such action or proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the board of directors.

Expenses incurred by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in connection with any action or proceeding under 12 U.S.C. 164 or 1818 may be paid by the association in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) a determination by the board of directors acting by a quorum consisting of directors who are not parties to such action or proceeding that the institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) has a reasonable basis for prevailing on the merits, (b) a determination that the indemnified individual (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) will have the financial capacity to reimburse the bank in the event he or she does not prevail, (c) a determination that the payment of expenses and fees by the association will not adversely affect the safety and soundness of the association, and (d) receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such advancement in the event of a final order or settlement pursuant to which such person: (i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from office or prohibited from participating in the conduct of the affairs of the association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist from or to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C. 1818(b) with respect to the association. In all other instances, expenses incurred by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in connection with any action or proceeding as to which indemnification may be given under these articles of association may be paid by the association in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such institution-affiliated party (or by or


on behalf of his or her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such advancement in the event that such institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) is ultimately found not to be entitled to indemnification as authorized by these articles of association and (b) approval by the board of directors acting by a quorum consisting of directors who are not parties to such action or proceeding or, if such a quorum is not obtainable, then approval by stockholders. To the extent permitted by law, the board of directors or, if applicable, the stockholders, shall not be required to find that the institution-affiliated party has met the applicable standard of conduct provided by law for indemnification in connection with such action or proceeding.

In the event that a majority of the members of the board of directors are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification, the remaining members of the board may authorize independent legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the remaining members of the board with a written opinion of counsel as to whether the conditions delineated in the first four paragraphs of this Article Tenth have been met. If independent legal counsel opines that said conditions have been met, the remaining members of the board of directors may rely on such opinion in authorizing the requested indemnification.

In the event that all of the members of the board of directors are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification, the board shall authorize independent legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the board with a written opinion of counsel as to whether the conditions delineated in the first four paragraphs of this Article Tenth have been met. If legal counsel opines that said conditions have been met, the board of directors may rely on such opinion in authorizing the requested indemnification.

To the extent permitted under applicable law, the rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these articles of association (a) shall be available with respect to events occurring prior to the adoption of these articles of association, (b) shall continue to exist after any restrictive amendment of these articles of association with respect to events occurring prior to such amendment, (c) may be interpreted on the basis of applicable law in effect at the time of the occurrence of the event or events giving rise to the action or proceeding, or on the basis of applicable law in effect at the time such rights are claimed, and (d) are in the nature of contract rights which may be enforced in any court of competent jurisdiction as if the association and the institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) for whom such rights are sought were parties to a separate written agreement.

The rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these articles of association shall not, to the extent permitted under applicable law, be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which any such institution affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) may now or hereafter be otherwise entitled whether contained in these articles of association, the bylaws, a resolution of stockholders, a resolution of the board of directors, or an agreement providing such indemnification, the creation of such other rights being hereby expressly authorized. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these articles of association shall not be deemed exclusive of any rights, pursuant to statute or otherwise, of any such institution-affiliated party (or of his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in any such action or proceeding to have assessed or allowed in his or her favor, against the association or otherwise, his or her costs and expenses incurred therein or in connection therewith or any part thereof.

If this Article Tenth or any part hereof shall be held unenforceable in any respect by a court of competent jurisdiction, it shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable, and the remainder of this Article Tenth shall remain fully enforceable.


The association may, upon affirmative vote of a majority of its board of directors, purchase insurance to indemnify its institution-affiliated parties to the extent that such indemnification is allowed in these articles of association; provided, however, that no such insurance shall include coverage to pay or reimburse any institution-affiliated party for the cost of any judgment or civil money penalty assessed against such person in an administrative proceeding or civil action commenced by any federal banking agency. Such insurance may, but need not, be for the benefit of all institution-affiliated parties.

ELEVENTH.    These articles of association may be amended at any regular or special meeting of the shareholders by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the stock of this association, unless the vote of the holders of a greater amount of stock is required by law, and in that case by the vote of the holders of such greater amount. The association’s board of directors may propose one or more amendments to the articles of association for submission to the shareholders.


EXHIBIT 4

BY-LAWS OF WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION


AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS

OF

WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

(Effective as of April 17, 2018)

ARTICLE I

Meetings of Shareholders

Section 1. Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of the shareholders to elect directors and transact whatever other business may properly come before the meeting shall be held at the main office of the association, Rodney Square North, 1100 Market Street, City of Wilmington, State of Delaware, at 1:00 o’clock p.m. on the first Tuesday in March of each year, or at such other place and time as the board of directors may designate, or if that date falls on a legal holiday in Delaware, on the next following banking day. Notice of the meeting shall be mailed by first class mail, postage prepaid, at least 10 days and no more than 60 days prior to the date thereof, addressed to each shareholder at his/her address appearing on the books of the association. If, for any cause, an election of directors is not made on that date, or in the event of a legal holiday, on the next following banking day, an election may be held on any subsequent day within 60 days of the date fixed, to be designated by the board of directors, or, if the directors fail to fix the date, by shareholders representing two-thirds of the shares. In these circumstances, at least 10 days’ notice must be given by first class mail to shareholders.

Section 2. Special Meetings. Except as otherwise specifically provided by statute, special meetings of the shareholders may be called for any purpose at any time by the board of directors or by any one or more shareholders owning, in the aggregate, not less than fifty percent of the stock of the association. Every such special meeting, unless otherwise provided by law, shall be called by mailing, postage prepaid, not less than 10 days nor more than 60 days prior to the date fixed for the meeting, to each shareholder at the address appearing on the books of the association a notice stating the purpose of the meeting.

The board of directors may fix a record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice and to vote at any meeting, in reasonable proximity to the date of giving notice to the shareholders of such meeting. The record date for determining shareholders entitled to demand a special meeting is the date the first shareholder signs a demand for the meeting describing the purpose or purposes for which it is to be held.

A special meeting may be called by shareholders or the board of directors to amend the articles of association or bylaws, whether or not such bylaws may be amended by the board of directors in the absence of shareholder approval.

If an annual or special shareholders’ meeting is adjourned to a different date, time, or place, notice need not be given of the new date, time or place, if the new date, time or place is announced at the meeting before adjournment, unless any additional items of business are to be considered, or the association becomes aware of an intervening event materially affecting any matter to be voted on more than 10 days prior to the date to which the meeting is adjourned. If a new record date for the adjourned meeting is fixed, however, notice of the adjourned meeting must be given to persons who are shareholders as of the new record date. If, however, the meeting to elect the directors is adjourned before the election takes place, at least ten days’ notice of the new election must be given to the shareholders by first-class mail.


Section 3. Nominations of Directors. Nominations for election to the board of directors may be made by the board of directors or by any stockholder of any outstanding class of capital stock of the association entitled to vote for the election of directors. Nominations, other than those made by or on behalf of the existing management of the association, shall be made in writing and shall be delivered or mailed to the president of the association and the Comptroller of the Currency, Washington, D.C., not less than 14 days nor more than 50 days prior to any meeting of shareholders called for the election of directors; provided, however, that if less than 21 days’ notice of the meeting is given to shareholders, such nomination shall be mailed or delivered to the president of the association not later than the close of business on the seventh day following the day on which the notice of meeting was mailed. Such notification shall contain the following information to the extent known to the notifying shareholder:

 

  (1)

The name and address of each proposed nominee;

 

  (2)

The principal occupation of each proposed nominee;

 

  (3)

The total number of shares of capital stock of the association that will be voted for each proposed nominee;

 

  (4)

The name and residence of the notifying shareholder; and

 

  (5)

The number of shares of capital stock of the association owned by the notifying shareholder.

Nominations not made in accordance herewith may, in his/her discretion, be disregarded by the chairperson of the meeting, and upon his/her instructions, the vote tellers may disregard all votes cast for each such nominee.

Section 4. Proxies. Shareholders may vote at any meeting of the shareholders by proxies duly authorized in writing, but no officer or employee of this association shall act as proxy. Proxies shall be valid only for one meeting, to be specified therein, and any adjournments of such meeting. Proxies shall be dated and filed with the records of the meeting. Proxies with facsimile signatures may be used and unexecuted proxies may be counted upon receipt of a written confirmation from the shareholder. Proxies meeting the above requirements submitted at any time during a meeting shall be accepted.

Section 5. Quorum. A majority of the outstanding capital stock, represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of shareholders, unless otherwise provided by law, or by the shareholders or directors pursuant to Article IX, Section 2, but less than a quorum may adjourn any meeting, from time to time, and the meeting may be held, as adjourned, without further notice. A majority of the votes cast shall decide every question or matter submitted to the shareholders at any meeting, unless otherwise provided by law or by the articles of association, or by the shareholders or directors pursuant to Article IX, Section 2. If a meeting for the election of directors is not held on the fixed date, at least 10 days’ notice must be given by first-class mail to the shareholders.


ARTICLE II

Directors

Section 1. Board of Directors. The board of directors shall have the power to manage and administer the business and affairs of the association. Except as expressly limited by law, all corporate powers of the association shall be vested in and may be exercised by the board of directors.

Section 2. Number. The board of directors shall consist of not less than five nor more than twenty-five members, unless the OCC has exempted the bank from the 25-member limit. The exact number within such minimum and maximum limits is to be fixed and determined from time to time by resolution of a majority of the full board of directors or by resolution of a majority of the shareholders at any meeting thereof.

Section 3. Organization Meeting. The secretary or treasurer, upon receiving the certificate of the judges of the result of any election, shall notify the directors-elect of their election and of the time at which they are required to meet at the main office of the association, or at such other place in the cities of Wilmington, Delaware or Buffalo, New York, to organize the new board of directors and elect and appoint officers of the association for the succeeding year. Such meeting shall be held on the day of the election or as soon thereafter as practicable, and, in any event, within 30 days thereof. If, at the time fixed for such meeting, there shall not be a quorum, the directors present may adjourn the meeting, from time to time, until a quorum is obtained.

Section 4. Regular Meetings. The Board of Directors may, at any time and from time to time, by resolution designate the place, date and hour for the holding of a regular meeting, but in the absence of any such designation, regular meetings of the board of directors shall be held, without notice, on the first Tuesday of each March, June and September, and on the second Tuesday of each December at the main office or other such place as the board of directors may designate. When any regular meeting of the board of directors falls upon a holiday, the meeting shall be held on the next banking business day unless the board of directors shall designate another day.

Section 5. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the board of directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board of the association, or at the request of two or more directors. Each member of the board of directors shall be given notice by telegram, first class mail, or in person stating the time and place of each special meeting.

Section 6. Quorum. A majority of the entire board then in office shall constitute a quorum at any meeting, except when otherwise provided by law or these bylaws, but a lesser number may adjourn any meeting, from time to time, and the meeting may be held, as adjourned, without further notice. If the number of directors present at the meeting is reduced below the number that would constitute a quorum, no business may be transacted, except selecting directors to fill vacancies in conformance with Article II, Section 7. If a quorum is present, the board of directors may take action through the vote of a majority of the directors who are in attendance.

Section 7. Meetings by Conference Telephone. Any one or more members of the board of directors or any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of such board or committees by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment allowing all persons participating in the meeting to hear each other at the same time. Participation in a meeting by such means shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.


Section 8. Procedures. The order of business and all other matters of procedure at every meeting of the board of directors may be determined by the person presiding at the meeting.

Section 9. Removal of Directors. Any director may be removed for cause, at any meeting of stockholders notice of which shall have referred to the proposed action, by vote of the stockholders. Any director may be removed without cause, at any meeting of stockholders notice of which shall have referred to the proposed action, by the vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of the Corporation entitled to vote. Any director may be removed for cause, at any meeting of the directors notice of which shall have referred to the proposed action, by vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors.

Section 10. Vacancies. When any vacancy occurs among the directors, a majority of the remaining members of the board of directors, according to the laws of the United States, may appoint a director to fill such vacancy at any regular meeting of the board of directors, or at a special meeting called for that purpose at which a quorum is present, or if the directors remaining in office constitute fewer than a quorum of the board of directors, by the affirmative vote of a majority of all the directors remaining in office, or by shareholders at a special meeting called for that purpose in conformance with Section 2 of Article I. At any such shareholder meeting, each shareholder entitled to vote shall have the right to multiply the number of votes he or she is entitled to cast by the number of vacancies being filled and cast the product for a single candidate or distribute the product among two or more candidates. A vacancy that will occur at a specific later date (by reason of a resignation effective at a later date) may be filled before the vacancy occurs but the new director may not take office until the vacancy occurs.

ARTICLE III

Committees of the Board

The board of directors has power over and is solely responsible for the management, supervision, and administration of the association. The board of directors may delegate its power, but none of its responsibilities, to such persons or committees as the board may determine.

The board of directors must formally ratify written policies authorized by committees of the board of directors before such policies become effective. Each committee must have one or more member(s), and who may be an officer of the association or an officer or director of any affiliate of the association, who serve at the pleasure of the board of directors. Provisions of the articles of association and these bylaws governing place of meetings, notice of meeting, quorum and voting requirements of the board of directors, apply to committees and their members as well. The creation of a committee and appointment of members to it must be approved by the board of directors.

Section 1. Loan Committee. There shall be a loan committee composed of not less than 2 directors, appointed by the board of directors annually or more often. The loan committee, on behalf of the bank, shall have power to discount and purchase bills, notes and other evidences of debt, to buy and sell bills of exchange, to examine and approve loans and discounts, to exercise authority regarding loans and discounts, and to exercise, when the board of directors is not in session, all other powers of the board of directors that may lawfully be delegated. The loan committee shall keep minutes of its meetings, and such minutes shall be submitted at the next regular meeting of the board of directors at which a quorum is present, and any action taken by the board of directors with respect thereto shall be entered in the minutes of the board of directors.


Section 2. Investment Committee. There shall be an investment committee composed of not less than 2 directors, appointed by the board of directors annually or more often. The investment committee, on behalf of the bank, shall have the power to ensure adherence to the investment policy, to recommend amendments thereto, to purchase and sell securities, to exercise authority regarding investments and to exercise, when the board of directors is not in session, all other powers of the board of directors regarding investment securities that may be lawfully delegated. The investment committee shall keep minutes of its meetings, and such minutes shall be submitted at the next regular meeting of the board of directors at which a quorum is present, and any action taken by the board of directors with respect thereto shall be entered in the minutes of the board of directors.

Section 3. Examining Committee. There shall be an examining committee composed of not less than 2 directors, exclusive of any active officers, appointed by the board of directors annually or more often. The duty of that committee shall be to examine at least once during each calendar year and within 15 months of the last examination the affairs of the association or cause suitable examinations to be made by auditors responsible only to the board of directors and to report the result of such examination in writing to the board of directors at the next regular meeting thereafter. Such report shall state whether the association is in a sound condition, and whether adequate internal controls and procedures are being maintained and shall recommend to the board of directors such changes in the manner of conducting the affairs of the association as shall be deemed advisable.

Notwithstanding the provisions of the first paragraph of this section 3, the responsibility and authority of the Examining Committee may, if authorized by law, be given over to a duly constituted audit committee of the association’s parent corporation by a resolution duly adopted by the board of directors.

Section 4. Trust Audit Committee. There shall be a trust audit committee in conformance with Section 1 of Article V.

Section 5. Other Committees. The board of directors may appoint, from time to time, from its own members, compensation, special litigation and other committees of one or more persons, for such purposes and with such powers as the board of directors may determine.

However, a committee may not:

 

  (1)

Authorize distributions of assets or dividends;

 

  (2)

Approve action required to be approved by shareholders;

 

  (3)

Fill vacancies on the board of directors or any of its committees;

 

  (5)

Amend articles of association;

 

  (6)

Adopt, amend or repeal bylaws; or

 

  (6)

Authorize or approve issuance or sale or contract for sale of shares, or determine the designation and relative rights, preferences and limitations of a class or series of shares.

Section 6. Committee Members’ Fees. Committee members may receive a fee for their services as committee members and traveling and other out-of-pocket expenses incurred in attending any meeting of a committee of which they are a member. The fee may be a fixed sum to be paid for attending each meeting or a fixed sum to be paid quarterly, or semiannually, irrespective of the number of meetings attended or not attended. The amount of the fee and the basis on which it shall be paid shall be determined by the board of directors.


ARTICLE IV

Officers and Employees

Section 1. Officers. The board of directors shall annually, at the Annual Reorganization Meeting of the board of directors following the annual meeting of the shareholders, appoint or elect a Chairperson of the Board, a Chief Executive Officer and a President, and one or more Vice Presidents, a Corporate Secretary, a Treasurer, a General Auditor, and such other officers as it may determine. At the Annual Reorganization Meeting, the board of directors shall also elect or reelect all of the officers of the association to hold office until the next Annual Reorganization Meeting. In the interim between Annual Reorganization Meetings, the board of directors may also elect or appoint a Chief Executive Officer, a President or such additional officers to the rank of Vice President, including (without limitation as to title or number) one or more Administrative Vice Presidents, Group Vice Presidents, Senior Vice Presidents and Executive Vice Presidents, and any other officer positions as they deem necessary and appropriate. The Chief Executive Officer of M&T Bank, the head of the Human Resources Department of M&T Bank, and any one executive Vice Chairman of M&T Bank, acting jointly, may appoint one or more officers to the rank of Executive Vice President or Senior Vice President. The head of the Human Resources Department of M&T Bank or his or her designee or designees, may appoint other officers up to the rank of Group Vice President, including (without limitation as to title or number) one or more Administrative Vice Presidents, Vice Presidents, Assistant Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries, Assistant Treasurers and Assistant Auditors, and any other officer positions as they deem necessary and appropriate. Each such person elected or appointed by the board of directors, the Chief Executive Officer of M&T Bank, the head of the Human Resources Department of M&T Bank, and an executive Vice Chairman of M&T Bank, acting jointly, or the head of the Human Resources Department of M&T Bank or his or her designee or designees, in between Annual Reorganization Meetings shall hold office until the next Annual Reorganization Meeting unless otherwise determined by the board of directors or such authorized officers.

Section 2. Chairperson of the Board. The board of directors shall appoint one of its members to be the chairperson of the board to serve at its pleasure. Such person shall preside at all meetings of the board of directors. The chairperson of the board shall supervise the carrying out of the policies adopted or approved by the board of directors; shall have general executive powers, as well as the specific powers conferred by these bylaws; and shall also have and may exercise such further powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred upon or assigned by the board of directors.

Section 3. President. The board of directors shall appoint one of its members to be the president of the association. In the absence of the chairperson, the president shall preside at any meeting of the board of directors. The president shall have general executive powers and shall have and may exercise any and all other powers and duties pertaining by law, regulation, or practice to the office of president, or imposed by these bylaws. The president shall also have and may exercise such further powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred or assigned by the board of directors.

Section 4. Vice President. The board of directors may appoint one or more vice presidents. Each vice president shall have such powers and duties as may be assigned by the board of directors. One vice president shall be designated by the board of directors, in the absence of the president, to perform all the duties of the president.

Section 5. Secretary. The board of directors shall appoint a secretary, treasurer, or other designated officer who shall be secretary of the board of directors and of the association and who shall keep accurate minutes of all meetings. The secretary shall attend to the giving of all notices required by these bylaws; shall be custodian of the corporate seal, records, documents and papers of the association; shall provide for the keeping of proper records of all transactions of the association; shall have and may exercise any and all other powers and duties pertaining by law, regulation or practice to the office of treasurer, or imposed by these bylaws; and shall also perform such other duties as may be assigned from time to time, by the board of directors.


Section 6. Other Officers. The board of directors may appoint one or more assistant vice presidents, one or more trust officers, one or more assistant secretaries, one or more assistant treasurers, one or more managers and assistant managers of branches and such other officers and attorneys in fact as from time to time may appear to the board of directors to be required or desirable to transact the business of the association. Such officers shall respectively exercise such powers and perform such duties as pertain to their several offices, or as may be conferred upon or assigned to them by the board of directors, the chairperson of the board, or the president. The board of directors may authorize an officer to appoint one or more officers or assistant officers.

Section 7. Tenure of Office. The president and all other officers shall hold office for the current year for which the board of directors was elected, unless they shall resign, become disqualified, or be removed; and any vacancy occurring in the office of president shall be filled promptly by the board of directors.

Section 8. Resignation. An officer may resign at any time by delivering notice to the association. A resignation is effective when the notice is given unless the notice specifies a later effective date.

ARTICLE V

Fiduciary Activities

Section 1. Trust Audit Committee. There shall be a Trust Audit Committee composed of not less than 2 directors, appointed by the board of directors, which shall, at least once during each calendar year make suitable audits of the association’s fiduciary activities or cause suitable audits to be made by auditors responsible only to the board, and at such time shall ascertain whether fiduciary powers have been administered according to law, Part 9 of the Regulations of the Comptroller of the Currency, and sound fiduciary principles. Such committee: (1) must not include any officers of the bank or an affiliate who participate significantly in the administration of the bank’s fiduciary activities; and (2) must consist of a majority of members who are not also members of any committee to which the board of directors has delegated power to manage and control the fiduciary activities of the bank.

Notwithstanding the provisions of the first paragraph of this section 1, the responsibility and authority of the Trust Audit Committee may, if authorized by law, be given over to a duly constituted audit committee of the association’s parent corporation by a resolution duly adopted by the board of directors.

Section 2. Fiduciary Files. There shall be maintained by the association all fiduciary records necessary to assure that its fiduciary responsibilities have been properly undertaken and discharged.

Section 3. Trust Investments. Funds held in a fiduciary capacity shall be invested according to the instrument establishing the fiduciary relationship and applicable law. Where such instrument does not specify the character and class of investments to be made, but does vest in the association investment discretion, funds held pursuant to such instrument shall be invested in investments in which corporate fiduciaries may invest under applicable law.


ARTICLE VI

Stock and Stock Certificates

Section 1. Transfers. Shares of stock shall be transferable on the books of the association, and a transfer book shall be kept in which all transfers of stock shall be recorded. Every person becoming a shareholder by such transfer shall in proportion to such shareholder’s shares, succeed to all rights of the prior holder of such shares. The board of directors may impose conditions upon the transfer of the stock reasonably calculated to simplify the work of the association with respect to stock transfers, voting at shareholder meetings and related matters and to protect it against fraudulent transfers.

Section 2. Stock Certificates. Certificates of stock shall bear the signature of the president (which may be engraved, printed or impressed) and shall be signed manually or by facsimile process by the secretary, assistant secretary, treasurer, assistant treasurer, or any other officer appointed by the board of directors for that purpose, to be known as an authorized officer, and the seal of the association shall be engraved thereon. Each certificate shall recite on its face that the stock represented thereby is transferable only upon the books of the association properly endorsed.

The board of directors may adopt or use procedures for replacing lost, stolen, or destroyed stock certificates as permitted by law.

The association may establish a procedure through which the beneficial owner of shares that are registered in the name of a nominee may be recognized by the association as the shareholder. The procedure may set forth:

 

  (1)

The types of nominees to which it applies;

 

  (2)

The rights or privileges that the association recognizes in a beneficial owner;

 

  (3)

How the nominee may request the association to recognize the beneficial owner as the shareholder;

 

  (4)

The information that must be provided when the procedure is selected;

 

  (5)

The period over which the association will continue to recognize the beneficial owner as the shareholder;

 

  (6)

Other aspects of the rights and duties created.

ARTICLE VII

Corporate Seal

Section 1. Seal. The seal of the association shall be in such form as may be determined from time to time by the board of directors. The president, the treasurer, the secretary or any assistant treasurer or assistant secretary, or other officer thereunto designated by the board of directors shall have authority to affix the corporate seal to any document requiring such seal and to attest the same. The seal on any corporate obligation for the payment of money may be facsimile.


ARTICLE VIII

Miscellaneous Provisions

Section 1. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the association shall be the calendar year.

Section 2. Execution of Instruments. All agreements, indentures, mortgages, deeds, conveyances, transfers, certificates, declarations, receipts, discharges, releases, satisfactions, settlements, petitions, schedules, accounts, affidavits, bonds, undertakings, proxies and other instruments or documents may be signed, executed, acknowledged, verified, delivered or accepted on behalf of the association by the chairperson of the board, or the president, or any vice president, or the secretary, or the treasurer, or, if in connection with the exercise of fiduciary powers of the association, by any of those offices or by any trust officer. Any such instruments may also be executed, acknowledged, verified, delivered or accepted on behalf of the association in such other manner and by such other officers as the board of directors may from time to time direct. The provisions of this section 2 are supplementary to any other provision of these bylaws.

Section 3. Records. The articles of association, the bylaws and the proceedings of all meetings of the shareholders, the board of directors, and standing committees of the board of directors shall be recorded in appropriate minute books provided for that purpose. The minutes of each meeting shall be signed by the secretary, treasurer or other officer appointed to act as secretary of the meeting.

Section 4. Corporate Governance Procedures. To the extent not inconsistent with federal banking statutes and regulations, or safe and sound banking practices, the association may follow the Delaware General Corporation Law, Del. Code Ann. tit. 8 (1991, as amended 1994, and as amended thereafter) with respect to matters of corporate governance procedures.

Section 5. Indemnification. For purposes of this Section 5 of Article VIII, the term “institution-affiliated party” shall mean any institution-affiliated party of the association as such term is defined in 12 U.S.C. 1813(u).

Any institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) may be indemnified or reimbursed by the association for reasonable expenses actually incurred in connection with any threatened, pending or completed actions or proceedings and appeals therein, whether civil, criminal, governmental, administrative or investigative, in accordance with and to the fullest extent permitted by law, as such law now or hereafter exists; provided, however, that when an administrative proceeding or action instituted by a federal banking agency results in a final order or settlement pursuant to which such person: (i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from office or prohibited from participating in the conduct of the affairs of the association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist from or to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C. 1818(b) with respect to the association, then the association shall require the repayment of all legal fees and expenses advanced pursuant to the next succeeding paragraph and may not indemnify such institution-affiliated parties (or their heirs, executors or administrators) for expenses, including expenses for legal fees, penalties or other payments incurred. The association shall provide indemnification in connection with an action or proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) only if such action or proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the board of directors.

Expenses incurred by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in connection with any action or proceeding under 12 U.S.C. 164 or 1818 may be paid by the association in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) a determination by the board of directors acting by a quorum consisting of directors who are not parties to such action or proceeding that the institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) has a


reasonable basis for prevailing on the merits, (b) a determination that the indemnified individual (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) will have the financial capacity to reimburse the bank in the event he or she does not prevail, (c) a determination that the payment of expenses and fees by the association will not adversely affect the safety and soundness of the association, and (d) receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such advancement in the event of a final order or settlement pursuant to which such person: (i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from office or prohibited from participating in the conduct of the affairs of the association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist from or to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C. 1818(b) with respect to the association. In all other instances, expenses incurred by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in connection with any action or proceeding as to which indemnification may be given under these articles of association may be paid by the association in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such institution-affiliated party (or by or on behalf of his or her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such advancement in the event that such institution- affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) is ultimately found not to be entitled to indemnification as authorized by these bylaws and (b) approval by the board of directors acting by a quorum consisting of directors who are not parties to such action or proceeding or, if such a quorum is not obtainable, then approval by stockholders. To the extent permitted by law, the board of directors or, if applicable, the stockholders, shall not be required to find that the institution-affiliated party has met the applicable standard of conduct provided by law for indemnification in connection with such action or proceeding.

In the event that a majority of the members of the board of directors are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification, the remaining members of the board may authorize independent legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the remaining members of the board with a written opinion of counsel as to whether the conditions delineated in the first four paragraphs of this Section 5 of Article VIII have been met. If independent legal counsel opines that said conditions have been met, the remaining members of the board of directors may rely on such opinion in authorizing the requested indemnification.

In the event that all of the members of the board of directors are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification, the board shall authorize independent legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the board with a written opinion of counsel as to whether the conditions delineated in the first four paragraphs of this Section 5 of Article VIII have been met. If legal counsel opines that said conditions have been met, the board of directors may rely on such opinion in authorizing the requested indemnification.

To the extent permitted under applicable law, the rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these articles of association (a) shall be available with respect to events occurring prior to the adoption of these bylaws, (b) shall continue to exist after any restrictive amendment of these bylaws with respect to events occurring prior to such amendment, (c) may be interpreted on the basis of applicable law in effect at the time of the occurrence of the event or events giving rise to the action or proceeding, or on the basis of applicable law in effect at the time such rights are claimed, and (d) are in the nature of contract rights which may be enforced in any court of competent jurisdiction as if the association and the institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) for whom such rights are sought were parties to a separate written agreement.

The rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these bylaws shall not, to the extent permitted under applicable law, be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which any such institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) may now or hereafter be otherwise entitled whether contained in the association’s articles of association, these bylaws, a resolution of stockholders, a resolution of the board of directors, or an agreement providing such indemnification, the creation of such other rights being hereby expressly authorized. Without limiting the generality of the


foregoing, the rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these bylaws shall not be deemed exclusive of any rights, pursuant to statute or otherwise, of any such institution-affiliated party (or of his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in any such action or proceeding to have assessed or allowed in his or her favor, against the association or otherwise, his or her costs and expenses incurred therein or in connection therewith or any part thereof.

If this Section 5 of Article VIII or any part hereof shall be held unenforceable in any respect by a court of competent jurisdiction, it shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable, and the remainder of this Section 5 of Article VIII shall remain fully enforceable.

The association may, upon affirmative vote of a majority of its board of directors, purchase insurance to indemnify its institution-affiliated parties to the extent that such indemnification is allowed in these bylaws; provided, however, that no such insurance shall include coverage for a final order assessing civil money penalties against such persons by a bank regulatory agency. Such insurance may, but need not, be for the benefit of all institution-affiliated parties.


ARTICLE IX

Inspection and Amendments

Section 1. Inspection. A copy of the bylaws of the association, with all amendments, shall at all times be kept in a convenient place at the main office of the association, and shall be open for inspection to all shareholders during banking hours.

Section 2. Amendments. The bylaws of the association may be amended, altered or repealed, at any regular meeting of the board of directors, by a vote of a majority of the total number of the directors except as provided below, and provided that the following language accompany any such change.

I, Matthew Zinn, certify that: (1) I am the duly constituted secretary of 8x8, Inc. and secretary of its board of directors, and as such officer am the official custodian of its records; (2) the foregoing bylaws are the bylaws of the association, and all of them are now lawfully in force and effect.

I have hereunto affixed my official signature on this 18th day of November, 2019.

 

                     

/s/ Matthew Zinn

    Secretary

The association’s shareholders may amend or repeal the bylaws even though the bylaws also may be amended or repealed by the board of directors.


EXHIBIT 6

Section 321(b) Consent

Pursuant to Section 321(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, Wilmington Trust, National Association hereby consents that reports of examinations by Federal, State, Territorial or District authorities may be furnished by such authorities to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon requests therefor.

 

  WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
Dated: November 18, 2019   By:  

/s/ Barry D. Somrock

    Name:   Barry D. Somrock                    
    Title:   Vice President                    


EXHIBIT 7

REPORT OF CONDITION

WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

As of the close of business on June 30, 2019

 

ASSETS

     Thousands of Dollars  

Cash and balances due from depository institutions:

     3,698,300  

Securities:

     5,576  

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreement to resell:

     0  

Loans and leases held for sale:

     0  

Loans and leases net of unearned income, allowance:

     149,609  

Premises and fixed asset

     16,139  

Other real estate owned:

     532  

Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries and associated companies:

     0  

Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures:

     0  

Intangible assets:

     1,295  

Other assets:

     101,423  

Total Assets:

     3,972,874  

LIABILITIES

     Thousands of Dollars  

Deposits

     3,276,712  

Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase

     0  

Other borrowed money:

     0  

Other Liabilities:

     113,034  

Total Liabilities

     3,389,746  

EQUITY CAPITAL

     Thousands of Dollars  

Common Stock

     1,000  

Surplus

     400,587  

Retained Earnings

     181,914  

Accumulated other comprehensive income

     (373

Total Equity Capital

     583,128  

Total Liabilities and Equity Capital

     3,972,874